1. Nazi Germany and the Holocaust

2. Totalitarian State
Total control of a country in the government’s hands
Oppresses individual rights
Demonstrates a policy of aggression

3. Totalitarian State Paranoia and fear dominate
Government maintains total control over the culture
Government is capable of indiscriminate killing

4. Post wwi germany Extremists blamed Jews for: Germany’s defeat in WWI
Treaty of Versailles – blamed the German Foreign Minister (a Jew) for his role in reaching a settlement with the Allies
Anti-Semitism = “the intense hatred for and discrimination against the Jewish people”

5. Nazi germany Hitler used anti-Semitism as a tool
Relied on the ideas of “racial science” to portray Jews as a race instead of a religion

6. Nazi germany The Nuremberg Laws: Restricted basic rights of Jews
Stripped Jews of their German citizenship
Restricted basic rights of Jews

7. Nazi germany
The Nazis used propaganda to promote their anti- Semitic ideas
One such book was the children’s book, The Poisonous Mushroom.
After presenting this slide, teacher will provide handout with timeline of events during the Totalitarian State.

9. Nazi germany
The Nazi plan for dealing with the “Jewish Question” evolved in three steps:
Expulsion: Get them out of Germany
Containment: Put them all together in one place – namely ghettos
“Final Solution”: Annihilation

10. Etymology of “Aryan” From Sanskrit word meaning “noble”
Used in Nazi ideology to mean "member of a Caucasian Gentile race of Nordic type."- a means to weed out “inferior” religions, races & nationalities
It DOES NOT mean “blonde hair, blue eyes”

11. Jewish Ghettos:
The Nazis aimed to control the Jewish population by forcing them to live in areas that were designated for Jews only, called ghettos
Many ghettos were closed by barbed wire or walls and were guarded by SS or local police.

12. Conditions of the Ghettos
food was rationed;
several families often shared a small space;
disease spread rapidly;
heating, ventilation, and sanitation were limited

15. The Final Solution:
Death camps were the means the Nazis used to achieve the “final solution.”
There were six death camps: Auschwitz- Birkenau, Treblinka, Chelmno, Sobibor, Majdanek, and Belzec.
Each used gas chambers to murder the Jews. At Auschwitz prisoners were told the gas chambers were “showers.”

26. Nazis targeted other individuals and groups in addition to the Jews:
Gypsies
Homosexual men
Jehovah’s Witness
Handicapped Germans
Poles
Political dissidents
Teacher will now instruct and lead students in the “Other Victims” cooperative Learning Activity.

29. Resistance
Despite the high risk, some individuals attempted to resist Nazism.

30. U.S. and World Response
At the Evian Conference in France in 1938, 32 countries met to discuss what to do about the Jewish refugees who were trying to leave Germany and Austria.
Despite voicing feelings of sympathy, most countries made excuses for not accepting more refugees.

31. U.S. and World Response
In the U.S., the Wagner-Rogers Bill proposed to let 20,000 endangered Jewish refugee children into the country, but the bill was not supported in the Senate.

32. U.S. and World Response
The SS St. Louis, carrying refugees with Cuban visas, were denied admittance both in Cuba and in Florida. After being turned back to Europe, most of the passengers perished in the Holocaust.

33. Resistance Some famous acts of resistance include:
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (as seen in the movie, “The Pianist”)
The Sobibor Revolt
Sonderkommando blowing up Crematorium IV at Birkenau
Jewish partisans who escaped to fight in the forests (i.e. movie, “Defiance” based on the life of the Bielski brothers)

34. Country Jewish Population Number of Jews Percentage of
September, Murdered Jews Murdered
Poland ,300, ,800,
USSR , ,500,
Romania , ,
Hungary , ,
Czechoslovakia , ,
France , ,
Germany , ,
Lithuania , ,
Holland , ,
Latvia , ,
Belgium , ,
Greece , ,
Yugoslavia , ,
Austria , ,
Italy , ,
Bulgaria , ,
Others , ,
Totals ,301, ,978,
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Source: Cited in Landau, The Nazi Holocaust, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1994.These data originally appeared in Poliakov and Wulf (eds), Das Dritte Reichund die Juden: Documente und Aufsatze (Arani Verlag, GmbH, Berlin, 1955).