1. Ming and Qing Dynasty’s 1369-1911 C.E. and the West

2. Successfully kicked out the Mongol Yuan dynasty
Re-established the rule of a ethnically
Han-Chinese Dynasty (the Ming – “Brilliant”)

3. Zheng He
What happened to Zheng He, the Ming fleet and exploration? Why?

4. Tributary States
Neighboring states that paid tribute to the all powerful Middle Kingdom
Usually gave gifts to honor the Emperor
Like a Confucian younger brother showing respect to the head of the family
The leader or ambassador of the must kow tow
Korea, Nepal, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma
North-cold, south Mountains himalayas, east ocean, west desert

5. Kow Tow
Deep bow, head touching the floor
Sign of deep respect

6. Chinese Tribute States

7. The Qing/Manchu Dynasty
Manchurian conquest – 1644
Manchus – Non Han Chinese Ethnic Group
Established the Qing Dynasty
Adopted Chinese political system and values
Relative tolerance of Christian missionaries, especially Catholic Jesuits

8. Problems
The empire was overextended 1

9. Arrival of European Powers
Viewed European nations as new tributary states
Europeans refused to kow tow
Failed to see the superiority of European military
Cultural misunderstanding 2

10. Arrival of the British They want new markets
They want Chinese tea and silk and porcelain
First trading post – Canton 1699
British confined to an island outside city walls

11. “As Your Ambassador can see for himself we possess all things
“As Your Ambassador can see for himself we possess all things. I set no value on objects strange and ingenious and have no use for your country’s manufactures.”
- Emperor Qianlong
to Lord George Macartney 1792 (on a British mission for trade and commerce with China)

12. No interest in British manufacturing goods
Trade imbalance
British request trade liberalization (free trade) in 1793
Ships, guns and new products from the West showed the weakness of the Manchu

13. Western Imperialism Why did Westerners come?
Did it bring new ideas to China?
Were the Christian missionaries agents of positive change?
Was increasing trade with the West inevitable?
Did the West impose its ideas on the Chinese?
Did Western imperialism merely accelerate modernisation?
Contact with the West – boon or bane?
See “World of History” pp

14. Next Time: 3 episodes The Opium Wars: 1839-1842
The Boxer Rebellion: 1900
The Revolution of