1. Warm-Up: Take the poll at https://pollev.com/caitlinmitro811
Top #7 Shoe-Manufacturing Countries in 2016
China
India
Brazil
Vietnam
Indonesia
Pakistan
Thailand

2. Warm-Up: Either on a laptop or your phone, take the poll at https://pollev.com/caitlinmitro811

3. INTERNATIONAL TRADE: MING CHINA & THE INDIAN OCEAN NETWORK
Learning Goal 3: Describe characteristics of global trade after the European discovery of the western hemisphere and explain the role Ming China played in global trade.

4. IMPORTANT TERMS TO KNOW
Eunuch
castrated male servants in the Ming dynasty bureaucracy
Tribute
gifts offered to show respect and admiration
Colonialism
Act of one country taking control of another country or region
Ex: USA = colony of Britain in the s,

5. MING DYNASTY
China: 1368 – 1644
Peasant revolt and uprising drove out the Mongols
Ming Dynasty founded by Hong Wu, peasant soldier and Buddhist monk
Reestablished Chinese rule and make sure no foreign rule would ever happen again

6. EMPEROR HONG WU MING GOVERNMENT Buddhist Monk
Brought stability to China
Rebuilt the infrastructure
Bridges
Canals
Roads
Temples
Reinstated the civil service exams
Centralized government and put eunuchs in charge
Neo-Confucianism, as well as influences from Daoism & Buddhism

7. FORBIDDEN CITY
Palace complex for the emperor, relatives, and privileged officials
Located in Beijing
Surrounded by 40-foot high walls and a moat
Highest-ranking civil servants and officials lived in the city
Emperor’s palace in very center Trailer
Today it is a museum. Was home to 24 emperors.

8. Zheng He: Chinese Explorer
Helped defeat the Mongols (Yuan dynasty)
Explored the Indian Ocean & East Africa
Brought soldiers & large quantities of goods to trade
Each voyage included a fleet of ships & often 27,000+ people!
His voyages happened approx. 85 years earlier than Columbus and 116 earlier than Magellan
After Zheng He’s death, China didn’t see the value in further exploration & stopped
Much of Asia began a policy of isolationism in which they isolate or withdraw from interacting with other nations
Muslim born just outside the borders. Unprecedented period of trade in China.

9. DECLINE OF THE MING DYNASTY
China stopped trading with foreigners
No foreign trade = no market for Chinese goods
No market = no money for producers
No money = widespread poverty
Political corruption
Emperors would waste money on lavish parties
Heavy taxes = Peasants get mad!
Famine = Peasants starve
Epidemic = large-scale death
Politically Weak = military weak = invaded by the Manchus
The last Ming emperor hanged himself on a tree in the imperial garden outside the Forbidden City to avoid facing defeat.

10. BUT BEFORE THE MING DYNASTY COLLAPSED…

11. How many miles do you think the combined parts of an iPhone travel before you buy it?
The parts that make up the home button travel 12,000 miles.
The answer? Nearly 500,000 miles (approx. twice the distance to the moon)
Source:

12. INDIAN OCEAN TRADE NETWORK
Silk Road = continued to be used for trading by land
Indian Ocean = trade via ship
Primary trading nations:
Portugal
Netherlands (the Dutch)
China (until the Ming collapsed)
Spain
East Africa
Islamic Empire (what remained of it after the Mongols)
Philippines
Great Britain
Japan

13. INDIAN OCEAN TRADE NETWORK: WHO WANTED WHAT?
Europeans wanted spices from Asia
Why?
No refrigerators – need a way to preserve meat
Spices allow meat to stay fresh longer
Make things more delicious ☺
Allow time for responses, should come up with Asia – ask, so were the Europeans hopeless? NO! They trade for this stuff….

14. Indian Ocean Trade Network
Remember, Ottomans (Muslims) controlled most of the land trade routes
Europe wanted:
Raw materials, spices, and Chinese luxury items: silk, gunpowder, porcelain, etc.
China wanted SILVER!
Imported as much silver as possible from Spain
Individual European countries had their own specific goals…

15. Portugal: Trading Post Empire
Military bases spread across the world from which they would trade: Africa, Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and China
Lasted about a century
Eventually assimilated into local societies in Asia and Africa
Steep decline by 1600
– overextended and
out-competed

16. Britain Great Britain focused on India
Traded for pepper, spices, & cotton textiles
Later India became a British colony
Spain took over the Philippines
Easy and bloodless
Major missionary effort
Remained part of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898!

17. EAST INDIAN COMPANIES
Dutch & English formed private trading companies to trade with India
Very successful 1600s-1800s
Militarily and economically stronger than the Portuguese
Both will begin to deal in bulk for a mass market
Trading posts will eventually turn into a conventional form of colonization

18. NETHERLANDS (THE DUTCH)
Focused in Indonesia
Controlled small spice-producing islands
Dutch killed, enslaved, or left to starve almost the entire population (15,000) and then replaced them with Dutch farmers and slave laborers
Would sell nutmeg, mace, and cloves at 14 – 17 times the price they paid in Indonesia
Profits soared, but local economy of the Spice Islands was shattered and people were left impoverished

19. JAPAN RUSSIA Used profits from silver to unify country
developed a market-based economy
Invested heavily in agriculture and industry
Families took steps to have less children
Outcome: flourishing, highly commercialized economy
Laid foundation for the 19th century Industrial Revolution
Fairly new to trading
Major source of furs for Western Europe and Ottoman Empire
Profits from furs allowed for rapid expansion
Tax or tribute imposed on every male between 18 – 50 payable in furs

20. Mercantilism & Silver
At this time, European countries pursued the policy of mercantilism:
A nations’ wealth is measured in its gold & silver
Chinese population was required to pay their taxes in silver
China also wanted silver
To afford silver, the Chinese had to sell their own goods
Silver “went round the world and made the world go round”
Chinese = favorable balance of trade with Europe as
silk was still in high demand in Europe
Bolivia, Japan, Spanish America, and the Philippines provided silver

21. Go to: Thehungersite.com
Click the yellow button.
You just donated food to people in need.
Yes, it is real.

22. Exit Ticket: What are the advantages & disadvantages of international trade?
Think of both today and the 1500s-1600s:
Why do we buy cheap goods from China? Fancy shoes from Italy? Electronics from Japan?
How does that help the US?
How does it hurt the US?
How does it help individuals? Hurt them?
How would this help & hurt people/countries in the 16th & 17th centuries?