1. Bell Work Think/Pair/Share
You are likely to remember more psychology in your psychology classroom than in other environments because of
Mood congruence.
Context effects.
State-dependency.
Proactive interference.
Retroactive interference.

2. FRQ
Lana was in a car accident and experienced some brain damage that has affected her memory. Give an example of Lana experiencing retrograde and anterograde amnesia. Definitions alone will not score.
Define each term.
Give any other relevant information. For example... What parts of Lana’s brain might have been damaged? Are there any well-known cases of anterograde/retrograde amnesia? Experiments, info from class/reading, etc. as long as it is relevant
Give an example of retrograde and anterograde amnesia USING LANA. “If Lana is experiencing retrograde amnesia after the accident, then…”

3. How we retain the information we encode
Storage
How we retain the information we encode

4. Memory Storage Duration Capacity
Most adults can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory. Magic number 7 (plus or minus 2). LTM=Unlimited?
Chunking
Information can only be stored for a brief duration in STM (0-30 seconds), but LTM can last a lifetime.

5. Review the three stage process of Memory

6. Storing Memories Long Term-Potentiation
long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously.
In other words…they learn to fire together and get better at it…creating a memory.

10. Storage and Sensory Memory
George Sperling played one of three tones (each tone corresponding with a row of letters). Then he flashed the letters for less than a second and the subjects were able to identify the letters for the corresponding row,

11. Iconic Memory
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, a photograph like quality lasting only about a second.
We also have an echoic memory for auditory stimuli. If you are not paying attention to someone, you can still recall the last few words said in the past three or four seconds.

12. Storage and Short-Term Memory
Lasts usually between 3 to 12 seconds.
Can store 7 (plus or minus two) chunks of information.
We recall digits better than letters.
Short-term memory exercise.

13. Storage and Long-Term Memory
We have yet to find the limit of our long-term memory.
For example, Rajan was able to recite 31,811 digits of pi.
At 5 years old, Rajan would memorize the license plates of all of his parents’ guests (about 75 cars in ten minutes). He still remembers the plate numbers to this day.

14. How does our brain store long-term memories?
Memories do NOT reside in single specific spots of our brain.
They are not electrical (if the electrical activity were to shut down in your brain, then restart- you would NOT start with a blank slate).

15. Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
The current theory of how our long-term memory works.
Memory has a neural basis.
LTP is an increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation.
In other words, if you are trying to remember a phone number, the neurons are firing neurotransmitter through the synapse. The neuron gets used to firing in that pattern and essentially learns to fire in that distinct way. It is a form of rehearsal (but for our neurons).

16. Stress and Memory
Stress can lead to the release of hormones that have been shown to assist in LTM.
Similar to the idea of Flashbulb Memory.

17. Types of LTM

18. The Hippocampus Damage to the hippocampus disrupts our memory.
Left = Verbal
Right = Visual and Locations
The hippocampus is the like the librarian for the library which is our brain.

19. Primary Types of Storage
Episodic Memory (Flashbulb) –
Personally experienced or emotionally significant moments
Semantic Memory –
Facts & general knowledge tied into meaningful memories that already exist
Procedural Memory –
How to perform particular tasks
Eidetic Memory –
Photographic memories
Echoic Memory –
Auditory memories
Haptic Memory –
Touch sensation memories
Iconic Memory –
Visual sensation memories

20. Flashbulb Memory
A clear moment of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Where were you when?
1. You heard about 9/11
2. You heard about the death of a family member
3. During the OJ chase

21. Storage Summarized Types of long-term memories Explicit (declarative)
With conscious
recall
Implicit
(nondeclarative)
Without conscious
Facts-general
knowledge
(“semantic
memory”)
Personally
experienced
events
(“episodic
Skills-motor
and cognitive
Dispositions-
classical and
operant
conditioning
effects