1. What does this pie chart tell us?
What is the largest land use in U.S.?

3. How does our growing population affect the environment?
Video Links:

4. Land Use, Urbanization & Management

5. Essential Questions What are different land usages?
What are some local land usages?
What beneficial services do ecosystems provide?
How have human activities impacted the land?
What are some local and federal laws governing land usage?

6. Land Use - Goals
What is the difference between land cover and land use? Urban and rural land?
Describe how humans impact the land.
Explain the concept of ecosystem services.
Explain how urbanization occurs.
Describe the environmental impacts of urbanization.

7. Most people used to live like this

8. Increasingly people live like this.

10. Major Urban Regions in U.S.

11. For the first time in history, there are now more urban residents than rural residents.

12. Land Use and Land Cover
Land cover: Vegetation and structures that cover land.
Land use: Human activities that occur on land.
Humans change land cover, especially in urban areas. These changes have environmental and economic effects

14. What are some land uses and cover in Wanaque?

15. What do these bar graphs show us?

16. Urban vs. Rural
Urban: Land mostly covered with buildings and roads (includes suburbs)
Rural: Any other type of land use or land cover (includes forests, cropland, etc.)

20. The Urban-Rural Connection
People are dependent on resources produced in rural areas (both city and rural)
Resources include: clean drinking water, fertile soil and land for crops, trees for wood and paper, and much of the oxygen we breath, which is produced by plants
An ecosystem service is the role that organisms play in creating a healthful environment for humans.
Ecosystem Services (Crash Course)

21. The Urban-Rural Connection

22. Urbanization Occurs when people move from rural areas to cities
Cities are not new, but the enormous size of today’s cities is. More than 20 cities have at least 10 million residents.

25. Why are people moving to cities and leaving rural life behind?
SHOULD WE CARE?
YES

26. Environmental Costs of Urbanization
Pollution: Increased waste, industrial byproducts, noise pollution, light pollution
What is noise pollution? Light pollution?

27. Noise Pollution

28. Light Pollution
What the night should look like.

29. Environmental Costs of Urbanization
Heat islands: Cities, several degrees warmer than surrounding areas, affect local weather and trap pollutants
WHY?

30. TEMPERATURE

32. What can cities do to reduce this impact?

33. Environmental Costs of Urbanization
Imported resources: Fossil fuels are burned to import food, water, fuel, and raw materials.

34. Environmental Benefits of Urbanization
What do you think are some environmental benefits if cities?

35. Environmental Benefits of Urbanization
Efficiency: Less fuel and resources needed to distribute goods and services to residents
Universities and research centers: Urban areas tend to foster education and innovation.
Land Preservation: Dense urban centers leave room for agriculture, wilderness, biodiversity, and privacy.

36. Land Use - Review
What is the difference between land cover and land use?
Describe how people impact the land.
Explain how urbanization occurs.
Describe the environmental impacts of urbanization

37. Land Use - Quiz
1) Which type of area would Miami, Florida, be considered? A. urban B. rural C. country D. suburban

38. 2) What is one of the primary factors that draws people from rural areas to urban areas? A. less pollution B. more jobs C. more open space D. heat islands

39. 3) A jackhammer on a city street is an example of which type of pollution? A. light B. water C. noise D. air

40. 4) Trees, grass, crops, wetlands, water, buildings, and pavement are all examples of A. land use B. land cover C. urban areas D. rural areas.

41. 5) The primary type of land cover in the United States today is. A
5) The primary type of land cover in the United States today is A. forest land B. cropland C. urban land D. parks and preserves.

42. 6) Land that is sparsely populated and has few buildings or roads is defined as a(n) A. infrastructure B. heat island C. urban area D. rural area.

43. 7) The shift of a population from the countryside to cities is called A. urbanization B. infrastructure C. land preservation D. an ecological footprint.

44. 8) Describe this diagram. What does it show?

45. Urban Sprawl - Goals
Describe what contributes to sprawl and its patterns.
Explain the impacts of sprawl.

46. Los Angeles, CA, is one the most sprawling U.S. cities.

47. In 1950, 65% of the U.S. population lived in urban (including suburban) areas, while 35% lived rurally. In 2010, 89% was urban and only 11% rural.

50. What is sprawl?
The spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from a dense urban core
Often, growth of suburban areas outpaces population growth because suburbs allow more space per person than cities

51. Per Capita Land Consumption

52. Primary Contributors to Sprawl
Population Growth
Increase per capita land use
Cheap gasoline
Decay of inner cities
Cheaper to build new than rebuild (less expensive land)

53. Primary Contributors to Sprawl
6) Improved road system 7) Affordable cars 8) Government subsidies of mortgages, infrastructure projects

54. Contributors to Sprawl

55. Patterns of Sprawl Uncentered commercial strip development
Low-density single-use residential development
Scattered, or leapfrog, development
Sparse street network

56. Why care about sprawl?

57. Impacts of Sprawl Transportation: Little to no public transportation
Must use car to get anything
Air pollution

58. Impacts of Sprawl
Public health: May promote inactivity, and by extension obesity and high blood pressure

59. Impacts of Sprawl
Land Use: Less land left as open space, forests, and farms
Habitat destruction and fragmentation
Farmland destroyed
Road kill
Soil erosion

61. Impacts of Sprawl
Economics: Wealth tending to concentrate in suburbs, leaving urban areas poor
Decline of town centers

63. Impacts of Sprawl Water Pollution Wetland Destruction Increased runoff
Increased flooding risk

66. TEXAS HILL COUNTRY

67. Urban Sprawl - Review
Describe what contributes to sprawl and its patterns.
Explain the impacts of sprawl.

68. Section 2 Quiz
1) Sprawl increases carbon dioxide emissions by A. generating more factories. B. increasing the need to drive. C. resulting in more tree growth. D. expanding the use of public transportation.

69. 2) Per capita land consumption means. A. the amount of land a
2) Per capita land consumption means A. the amount of land a country uses as a whole B. the amount of land each person uses. C. the type of land covered by state capitals D. the type of land on which people live.

70. 3) Which of the following factors contributed to sprawl in the United States? A. more affordable automobiles B. improved roads C. less expensive land D. all of the above

71. 4) Explain how sprawl affects human health.