1. (a) Experimental rig designed to test fabricated I-beams under four-point bending.
(a) Experimental rig designed to test fabricated I-beams under four-point bending. Although each beam was 4 m in length, the distance between the pinned supports was in fact 3.8 m. In each test, the lateral restraints were adjusted symmetrically to obtain the desired buckling length Le. (b) Beam cross section showing the relative positions of the LVDTs. Angles and plates were clamped as shown to both flanges such that the overall beam displacement still allowed the relative flange and vertical displacements to be evaluated.
M. Ahmer Wadee, and Leroy Gardner Proc. R. Soc. A 2012;468:
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