1. DO NOW
Turn in Review #12
Pick up review #13 and notes sheet

2. Looking Back…. What type of: Stress? Force? Fault? Landform?
Compression
Destructive
Reverse
Mountains

3. When Tectonic Plates Meet (Usually…)
MOUNTAIN BUILDING
When Tectonic Plates Meet (Usually…)
SES2. Students will understand how plate tectonics creates certain geologic features, materials, and hazards.
b. Relate modern and ancient geologic features to each kind of plate tectonic setting.

4. MOUNTAINS AND PLATE BOUNDARIES
Convergent Boundaries
Folded Mountains
Dome Mountains
Volcanoes
Divergent Boundaries
Fault-block Mountains
Transform Boundaries
Not usually any mountains.
No Boundaries

5. MOUNTAINS FROM CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
Mountains form where plates collide.
Crumpling or folding of crust.
Volcanoes appear – with oceanic crust.

6. COMPRESSION STRESS Forces that deform the crust. Presses together.
Convergent Boundary
Reverse fault
Boundary
Stresses
Faults
Convergent
Compression
Reverse

7. FOLDS Bend in rock – the result of compression stress. Deformations
Cracks sometimes appear
Rock layers deformed but commonly remain intact.

8. CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL TO CONTINENTAL CRUST
Mountains form where plates collide.
Created the Appalachian mountains about 500 mya.
Place of ancient plate boundaries.

9. CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL TO CONTINENTAL CRUST
Created Himalayan mountains about 40 mya.
Pressure and heat built up.
Metamorphic rock formed deep.
Mineral resources depend on original rock.

10. TYPE OF MOUNTAINS: FOLDED
Plate movement squeezes rock layers together .
Compression force
Accordion-like folds
Appalachian Mountains, parts of Alps, and the Himalayans

11. CONVERGENT: OCEANIC TO OCEANIC CRUST
Both plates under ocean.
Subduction zone created.
Denser plate slips under less dense plate
Deep ocean trenches form.

12. CONVERGENT: OCEANIC TO OCEANIC CRUST
Volcanoes form.
Volcanic island arcs form – Caribbean Islands.
Mineral rich - hot water rises through volcanic rock, heats up and carries dissolved minerals into surrounding rocks.

13. CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL TO OCEANIC CRUST
Oceanic crust is more dense, slips under continental crust.
Subduction zone created.
Denser plate slips under less dense plate
Deep ocean trenches form.

14. CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL TO OCEANIC CRUST
Mountains and volcanoes form.
Mineral rich - hot water rises through volcanic rock, heats up and carries dissolved minerals into surrounding rocks – include copper, gold deposits.

15. TYPE OF MOUNTAINS: VOLCANIC
Partial melting of the mantle and crust magma.
Convergent Plate boundaries.
Opening in crust - magma, volcanic ash, and gases escape .

16. MOUNTAINS FROM DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
Formed where plates pull apart.
One plate pushed up, the other collapses.
From diverging continental plates.
Uplifted blocks can be tilted.
Collapsed blocks can be filled in with sediment.
Diverging ocean plates form mid-ocean ridges which are underwater mountains.

17. TENSION STRESS Force that deforms the crust - pulls apart.
Divergent Boundary
Normal fault
Horst – uplifted part
Graben - valleys
Boundary
Stresses
Faults
Divergent
Tension
Normal

18. TYPE OF MOUNTAINS: FAULT-BLOCK
Crust stretches and breaks – called rifting.
Tension force
Faulting or breaking occurs.
Blocks tilt and drop.
Shear rock faces exposed from faulting.
Sierra Nevada range in California.

19. MOUNTAINS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PLATE BOUNDARIES: DOME MOUNTAINS
Magma pushes the earth’s crust from underneath.
Never reaches Earth’s surface.
Cools and forms a mountain.

20. MOUNTAINS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PLATE BOUNDARIES: DOME MOUNTAINS
Over time the mountain is exposed and weathers.
Forms a dome shape.
Examples:
Black hills of South Dakota.
Adirondack Mountains in New York.
Stone Mountain

21. AGING MOUNTAINS Over time new mountains weather and erode and age.
Amount of weathering indicates age:
OLD: Appalachians are rounded and weathered
NEW: Himalayans are steep and jagged

22. Mountain Building from the Past

23. NAME THAT MOUNTAIN!
FOLDED

24. NAME THAT MOUNTAIN!
VOLCANIC

25. NAME THAT MOUNTAIN!
DOME

26. NAME THAT MOUNTAIN!
FAULT-BLOCK

27. NAME THAT MOUNTAIN!
DOME

28. NAME THAT MOUNTAIN!
FOLDED

29. NAME THAT MOUNTAIN!
VOLCANIC

30. NAME THAT MOUNTAIN!
FAULT-BLOCK

31. TO DO
Review #13
Metamorphic Rock lab