1. Biology 322 Human Anatomy
Blood Vessels

3. Systemic Circuit
Pulmonary Circuit
Systemic Circuit

4. Arteries:
Always carry blood from heart toward capillaries
Have higher blood pressure within them
Have thicker walls relative to size of lumen
Never have valves
Veins:
Always carry blood from capillaries toward heart
Have lower blood pressure within them
Have thinner walls relative to size of lumen
May have valves

5. Elastic (Large) Arteries: Aorta, pulmonary trunk, & their close branches
Large Veins:
Return blood to heart
Medium Veins:
Gather blood from head, limbs, & organs
Muscular (Medium) Arteries: Distribute blood to head, limbs, & organs
Small Veins:
Gather blood from tissues
Arterioles:
Distribute blood within organs & tissues
Venules:
Gather blood from capillaries. Also some exchange of same materials as capillaries
Capillaries:
Primary site for exchange of gases, nurients, ions, wastes, hormones, cells, etc.

6. Pathway Variations:

7. Entire circulatory system (heart, all vessels) lined by simple squamous epithelium called endothelium
Capillaries consist only of epithelium and very thin layer of areolar connective tissue.
Larger vessels, either veinous or arterial, also have layers of connective tissue and/or smooth muscle surrounding this endothelium.

9. You will be asked to know the names of some specific arteries and veins, but first it is important to understand the patterns which these vessels form.

10. “Great Vessels” Aorta Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Trunk
Inferior Vena Cava
Not visible: Pulmonary veins entering left atrium on posterior surface

11. Arteries Arising From Arch of Aorta
Right Common Carotid Artery
Left Common Carotid Artery
Right Subclavian Artery
Left Subclavian Artery
Aorta
Brachiocephalic Trunk

13. Internal
Carotid
Artery
External
Carotid
Artery
Subclavian
Artery
Common
Carotid
Artery

14. Internal
Carotid
Artery
Supply blood to brain
External
Carotid
Artery
Vertebral
Artery
Supplies blood to skin, muscles, bone of face

16. Veins which drain blood from the neck and head (including brain) form internal jugular and external jugular veins.

17. In upper limb, deep veins lie next to arteries and have the same names

18. Upper limb also has superficial veins which are not associated with arteries and have different names

19. In abdomen, aorta gives rise to two sets of arteries:
1. Paired arteries to kidneys, gonads, lower limbs, and body wall
2. Non-paired arteries to stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and spleen

20. In abdomen, also two sets of veins:
1. Paired veins from kidneys, gonads, lower limbs, and body wall
2. Non-paired veins from stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen form hepatic portal vein which carries blood to capillaries in the liver

21. Deep Veins
In lower limb, deep veins lie next to arteries and have the same names

22. Superficial Veins
Lower limb also has superficial veins which are not associated with arteries and have different names

23. You should be able to identify the following arteries, know from where each artery receives blood, and know to where each artery delivers blood.
Aorta Pulmonary trunk
Brachiocephalic artery Pulmonary arteries
Subclavian arteries Common carotid arteries
Axillary arteries Internal carotid arteries
Brachial arteries External carotid arteries
Radial arteries Vertebral arteries
Ulnar arteries Basilar artery
Common iliac arteries Renal arteries
Internal iliac arteries Celiac trunk
External iliac arteries Hepatic artery
Femoral arteries Splenic artery
Popliteal arteries Left gastric artery
Anterior tibial arteries Superior mesenteric arteries
Posterior tibial arteries Inferior mesenteric arteries
Gonadal arteries Coronary arteries
Example: Each external iliac artery receives blood from the common iliac artery on that side and delivers blood to the femoral artery on that side

24. You should be able to identify the following veins, know from where each vein receives blood, and know to where each vein delivers blood.
Superior vena cava Hepatic portal vein
Inferior vena cava Splenic vein
Brachiocephalic veins Inferior mesenteric vein
Subclavian veins Superior mesenteric vein
Axillary veins Common iliac veins
Brachial veins Internal iliac veins
Radial veins External iliac veins
Ulnar veins Femoral veins
Cephalic veins Popliteal veins
Basilic veins Anterior tibial veins
Median cubital veins Posterior tibial veins
Vertebral veins Greater saphenous veins
Internal jugular veins Lesser saphenous veins
External jugular veins Gonadal veins
Example: Each external iliac vein receives blood from the femoral vein on that side and delivers blood to the common vein on that side