1. The Cold War 1945-1991 United States (US) vs
The Cold War United States (US) vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Democracy/Capitalism vs. Communism 1 1

2. Post-WWII Decolonization Movements
WWII highlighted problems that came with colonization, dependency and a large empire.
In the decades that followed, Western powers gave independence to their colonies. This was vital to promoting strength of democracy!
South Africa (Nelson Mandela)
India (Gandhi)
Philippines (U.S.)

5. Post-WWII Superpowers
Europe is destroyed.
No longer are Germany, France or Great Britain in power.
Power has shifted to the United States and the Soviet Union.
Land, strength of military, lack of debt

7. Cold War Characteristics
A conflict of ideas without actual battlefields or armies facing off
Political, strategic, economic, and ideological conflicts between the US and USSR (eventually spread throughout the world)
War of ideologies: Capitalist Democracy vs. Communism
Struggle that contained everything short of war
Both aimed to spread their ideology and stop the others 7 7

8. Six major strategies were used by both sides:1.
1. Brinkmanship
2. Espionage
3. Foreign aide
4. Alliances
5. Propaganda
6. Arms/Space Race 3. 2. 4. 5. 6. 8 8

9. Goals in the Cold War United States Soviet Union (USSR)
Aide nations threatened by communism
Promote democracy throughout the world
Containment: Stop the spread of communism
“Domino Theory”
Encourage pro-Soviet govs. on its borders to increase security
Satellite States (pol/econ linked to USSR)
Expand & Spread communism around the world (believed they had “won” WWII)

10. Goals in the Cold War United States  NATO
Soviet Union (USSR)  WARSAW PACT
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Organization of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe

12. Proxy Wars
A war instigated by a major power that does not itself become involved
USSR and US gave military support & aide to other nations fighting on their behalf

13. Proxy Wars: China US supported nationalists; USSR supported communists
Communists win = hostility towards US
Mao Zedong in power

14. Proxy Wars: Korea Post-WWII Korea was divided along the 38th parallel
North became communist with aide from USSR
South became democratic with aide from US
After three years of war  stalemate!

15. Proxy Wars: Vietnam
Post-WWII Vietnam was divided along the 17th parallel
North became communist with aide from USSR
South was democratic with aide from US
10 years of US involvement, 211,000 American deaths, billions of dollars, division of public opinion = failure of containment!!!
North was victorious and all of Vietnam fell to communism

16. Proxy Wars: Cuba
1959: Castro comes to power in Cuba by overthrowing the pro-US leader with aide from USSR
USSR places missiles in Cuba  US places missiles in Turkey
Able to avoid nuclear war
Leads to closed door policy: complete cut-off of trade, travel, communication

18. Post-Cold War Globalization
Process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture
The globe becomes connected!!!
Monument to Multiculturalism by Francesco Perilli in Toronto, Canada. Four identical sculptures are located in South Africa; China; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Australia

19. Effects of Globalization
Population Density: Number of people living in an area of land

20. Effects of Globalization
Deforestation: Removal of forest to acquire resources or establish farms, ranches or urban areas,

21. Effects of Globalization
Resource Scarcity: the lack of sufficient available resources to meet the demands of people
Countries may acquire resources by force (often leads to conflict/wars – Middle East!)
Water scarcity: More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water