1. The story and possible impact of CSU lidar program
Presentation to CSU Administrators
The story and possible impact of CSU lidar program
C.-Y. She, Department of Physics
Sep - Dec, 2004
Joe note (Feb 2009): A total 3 presentations were made at different times

2. About Joe She’s Carrier
B.S. Taiwan Univ., ’57; Ph.D., Stanford Univ., ’64
64-68: Assistant Professor, E.E., Univ. Minnesota
: Assistant, Associate, Professor, CSU Physics
Highlights while at CSU:
- Graduated 19 Ph.D. students: 17 in Physics, 2 in E.E.
- Fellow, OSA; 1978 President, RMOSA
Research Publication Award, NRL
Faculty Achievement Award (Grad Edu.), CSU
Golden Screw (Teaching) Award, CSU
Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, CIRA, CSU
Member, NSF CEDAR Science Steering Committee
Fulbright Research Award, Norway
NSF/CEDAR Workshop – CEDAR Lecture Prize
AGU Editor’s Citation – Outstanding Reviewer for GRL

3. Lidar Research at CSU - Initiation
Middle 70’s: Going gets tuff, …
- Looked into environment
- Turn laser light scattering to fluid flow
1983: Initial ARO supported lidar idea
- Apply atomic physics & laser spectroscopy
1986: As part of CSU/Geosciences Center (with Krueger)
- Establish lidar laboratory with $300K equipment
- Innovative tropospheric temperature Lidar.
- 6 years support 10 years work (3 Ph.D. students)

4. Lidar Research at CSU – Na project
1987: “Discovery” of sodium atoms
- Initiate Na temperature lidar program
- first NSF grant & observation in 1989
With continued and increasing NSF support
- A series of lidar technology innovation (wind, daytime,..)
- Nearly 15 years’ unique temperature data set
- Invites study of solar cycle effect and global change
2001-: Additional NASA/TIMED support
- Enabled long-period & 24-hr continuous observation
- Take part in dynamics study and engaged famed dynamicists

5. GRL Highlights
Mesopause climatology from lidar [Geophysical Letters, October 15, 2000]
Using nighttime lidar observations, She et al. [3289] present an eight-year climatology of monthly means of temperature and sodium density in the mesopasure region. The measurements made regularly in the 1990s, give 417 nights of data. Maximum peak sodium density occurs at 91 km in November, the minimum at 90 km in June. The maximum and minimum monthly mean layer temperatures between 83 and 105 km were K in November and K in July, respectively. The authors report that the mesopause is at a higher altitude in winter and most of spring and autumn, and is at a lower altitude in summer, with sharp transitions between them occurring in May and August.
New view of disturbances in the mesopause [GRL, 28 December, 2004]
An exceptionally long data set may allow researchers to estimate daily shifts in winds and temperature caused by high-altitude disturbances. She et al. [L24111] used a sodium lidar facility at Colorado State University in 2003 to produce a 14-day data set that included an uninterrupted 9-day observation, the longest continuous middle atmospheric lidar observation recorded to date. The data allows detailed study of the atmospheric influences of disturbances produced by gravity waves and short-period planetary waves and the causes behind the recurring tidal wind and temperature changes observed in this region.

6. Eight-Year Lidar Mesopause Region Temperature Climatology
Over Fort Collins, CO [41N, 105W]
Altitude (km)
Month
T(K)
T(K)
Altitude (km)
Month
She et al. GRL 2000

7. Nine-day continuous mesopause region temperature
zonal and meridional winds [September 2003]
This unpublished contour plots show tidal period oscillation and variability, as well the influences of gravity waves and planetary wave on the dynamics of the mesopause region. Initial science based on this data set was published:
She et al., GRL [2004]
Joe note (Feb 09): This nice picture is now published in OSA’s OPN, September 2007 issue

8. Two-beam Na Lidar into the Colorado night sky: Which one is the north beam?

9. Mean Annual (per year) Expenditure
$ $ $ $  CSU
Mean Annual (per year) Expenditure
– All non-ALOMAR Project (NSF/NASA Support)
Duration
(July ’02 – Oct ’04)
Amount
“Actual” Amount
Salary
97K
Hardware and supply
68K#
65K#
Travel 7K
Indirect
61.5K
Total
233.5K
230.5K+3K# = 233.5K
# 3K publication charge and Misc.
In addition: CEDAR postdoc grant of 80K pre year, with ~55K for salary and travel and ~25K indirect cost

10. Mean Annual (per year) Expenditure
$ $ $ $  CSU
Mean Annual (per year) Expenditure
– All ALOMAR Project (NSF/AFOSR Support)
Duration
(July ’02 – Oct ’04)
Amount
“Actual” Amount
Salary
57K
50K
Hardware and supply
25.5K
32.5K
Travel (mostly technical)
13K
Indirect
41K
Total
136.5K
Research collaboration: with Dave Fritts of Colorado Research Associates
His budget total identical to above, but spent more on salary and travel

11. The Alomar Project In collaboration with CoRA
Alomar (established in 1994) is an EU facility
- Devoted to Arctic Middle Atmosphere Research.
- Managed by Andoya Rocket Range, Norge Space Agency
- With instrument cluster (lidars, radars and rockets, ..)
The Alomar Weber Na lidar
- Deployed by CSU in August 2000 (~$650K AFOSR DURIP) - Supplemented by German and Norwegian funds.
Current base research support from AFOSR and NSF
- CSU and CoRA ~270K per year with 50% to CSU.
With the maturity of the Weber lidar,
- Increasingly important role in artic atmospheric research
- Began to attract broader EU and US interests

12. ALOMAR – A Multinational Research Infrastructure at the Andøya Rocket Range

13. Arctic Lidar Observatory
Cover of a upcoming issue
Geophysics Research Letters
Arctic Lidar Observatory
For Middle Atmosphere
Research

14. CSU Technology Innovation and International Interest
The center piece of CSU lidar program lies in the physics-based, unique technical innovations that attract national and international attention:
- Univ. Illinois, Univ. of West Ontario
- Kyoto University, ShinShu Univ., TMU, Japan
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Germany
- Arecibo Observatory (NAIC)
- Chinese Wuhan Na lidar
- ALOMAR Observatory, Norway
- CEDAR (NSF Program) 2003 Award Lecture
- Recent trip to India NMRF (India-US space S,T,C)
- Tropospheric lidar: NASA, Ophir, China
The personal reward on unique data set is that attracts collaboration from famed scientists (theorists and modelers).

15. Present Group FACULTY: Joe She, Professor David A. Krueger, Professor
RESEARCH
ASSOCIATE: Biff Williams – Half time Titus Yuan – CEDAR Postdoc
Joe Vance – Part time
GRADUATE
STUDENTS: Phil Acott Tao Li Sean Harrell Jia Yue
UNDERGRADUATES: Matt James

16. Graduates Work in Lidar/Remote Sensing
PhD Graduates: Raul Alvarez NOAA, Max Caldwell Ophir, 1995 Not work in lidar: Huailin Chen NASA, 1997 Ted Broberg Songshen Chen NASA, 1999 Ci-Ling Pan Jonathan Friedman Arecibo, 1992 Rich Kelley Johnathan Hair NASA, 1998 Long Hsu Hans Moosmüller U. Nevada,‘88 Cheryl Gratias Jim Sherman I.Univ., Pa,’02 Greg Herring Frank Lehmann ???
Mike White Psi Corp., ‘99 Jay Yu NASA, 1994
Titus Yuan CSU, 2004
Joe Vance CSU, 2004
BS Graduates: Kam Arnold Berkeley Grad St.
Phil Acott CSU Grad Student

17. Future of the Lidar Program?
Full current funding through Dec. 2005
Great future with uncertain home-base
- No CSU faculty position
- Transfer to NCAR: present budget problem
- Too late for NSF/faculty grant
Transition period
- seek continued funding and new home-base
Recent lidar workshop (Sep 23 and 24, 2004)
- Brain-storming on future system and operation Consortium; CSU and/or CU position on this? Voice in Boulder area strong

18. The first Na temperature measurement in Fort Collins, CO Team Photo, August 25th, 1989
Latifi, She, Gardner, Bills, Yu

19. Construction of a high-tech observatory, 1993? 1994?

20. At the end, this is what is all about
Shoou-yu Tang, Max Caldwell, Joe She, Jonathan Friedman, Saturday, September 25, 2004