1. The Renaissance
CH 15, 16, pt 17

2. COLD
Colonialism
Oceanic trade
Labor (forced)
Discovery

3. #1 Who is the Bigshot?
Byzantine Empire threatened, then fell to the _____in 1453
Seljuk Turks!!!
Islamic caliphate murdered in 1258 by ??????
Mongols!!!
Who’s next?

4. Will it be Islam? Middle East- religious leaders dominated
Caliphate decline=Landlords seized power over peasants
feudalism by 1100
Ag. Production fell
Tax revenue declined
Arab traders lost ground
European began to control trade
Ottoman Turks- Ch 21
Power Vacuum in International Leadership
Mongol’s developed first global land trade network
End of Mongol Empire=Turn to seaborne trade

5. Will it be China? Massive, state OCEANIC trade by Zhenghe in 1405
62 vessels, 28,000 men
Est. trade in Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, Red Sea
America?!
Expeditions halted in 1433
Cost unacceptable; Confucian scholars disliked Zhenghe
Focus on internal development, isolation
Population, Ag. Prod Increase, traded porcelain/textiles
What if????

6. Rise of the West At first-Unlikely Candidate in 14th & 15th Century
Aristocracy focused on ritual, luxury (jousting tournaments!)
Lives, economies activities of ordinary Europeans in disarray
Famines
Plague
Peasant uprisings
How could it rise?

7. 3 Steps
Strengthening of feudal monarchies provided regional leadership
100 Years War and Reconquista
stimulated military innovation
increased centralized power
Increasing urbanization
promoted commercial economy
Church accepted features of capitalism

8. International Considerations for Europe
Europe not ATTACKED by Mongols- LEARNED from them
Printing, compass, explosive powder
Unfavorable balance of trade & Gold Shortage
Europe wanted spices, silk, sugar, perfume, jewels
Only exported crude goods: wool, tin, honey, salt, GOLD
Gold shortage!!!!
New Muslim threat with Ottoman Turks
Muslim continued control of Asian trade
Answer: find an “alternate route to Asia”

9. Pt 2:CHANGING BELIEF SYSTEMS

10. The Renaissance
1400, Italy began vital cultural, political movement: the Renaissance
Focus on the secular
Italian source of Renaissance
Roman heritage
Leader in banking, trade -contacts
Competitive city-states
Gov’t financed new ventures, supported commerce, arts

11. Human Values & Renaissance Culture
Concern with stylistic grace, practical grace, code of behavior
Francesco Petrarch explored glories of personal achievement
Art
secular subjects
realistic portrayal
Perspective
Colors
Greco-Roman classicism

12. The Church Weakens
1517-Martin Luther nails 95 Theses to church door in Wittenberg Germany
Argued against church abuses
salvation is by faith alone-sola fide
Scripture alone- sola scriptura\
Priesthood of all believers
1531- Henry VIII established church of England
1541- John Calvin sets up Reformed church in Geneva
The Catholic Church was splitting up!!!

13. Counter Reformation
Jesuits- attempt to persuade Protestants back to Catholic Church
Index of Prohibited Books
Inquisition- court to try heretics. Especially brutal in Spain.
What would work best?

14. 3. Scientific Method
Francis Bacon- popularizes scientific method (hypothesis, experiment, observe, conclude)
Copernicus- heliocentric theory (sun centered solar system)
William Harvey- circulatory system
Galileo- continued Copernicus’s work+ gravity experimentation
Isaac Newton discovered laws of motion and gravity (explains the rules of planetary motion and MUCH more)