1. Overview of the current library technology industry:
Global and Scandinavian Perspective
Marshall Breeding
Independent Consultant, Author, and
Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides
BIBSYS Workshop Day 2
17 October 2017

2. Workshop Day 2 goals
Build on broad technology trends discussed on yesterday
Focus on technologies which enable library success as identified on Day 1 presentation and exercises
Broad overview of the current library technology arena and possible future developments
Trends relevant to academic libraries in Scandinavia
Specific issues related to BIBSYS members: observations and feedback for ongoing exploration and development

3. Workshop Goals
Understand the current state of practice in the way that participant libraries use technology
Articulate a vision to improve the state of the art in library technologies

4. Morning Presentation Trends and data from Library Technology Guides
Highlights from International Perceptions Report
Highlights from Library Systems Report 2017
Library Services Platforms: current and next phases of development
Discovery and discoverability

5. Library Technology Guides

6. Libraries.org directory
Global directory of libraries
Descriptive data (location, type, collection size, etc.)
Technology: ILS, Discovery, etc.: past and present
Lists, maps, reports

7. Library Tech Mergers

8. Elsevier recent acquisitions
Bepress: institutional repository (Aug 2017)
Mendeley: research collaboration platform (April 2013)
Pure: research information management system (Aug 2012)
Social Science Research Network (May 2016)
NewsFlo: track news coverage of scientific research (Jan 2015)
Plum Analytics: measure impact of research (Feb 2017)

9. Key Vendors

10. Migration Reports

11. Vendor Personnel Statistics

12. Library Technology Industry
Recent Trends and Events

13. Library Technology Industry Reports
American Libraries
Library Journal
2013: Rush to Innovate
2012: Agents of Change
2011: New Frontier
2010: New Models, Core Systems
2009: Investing in the Future
2008: Opportunity out of turmoil
2007: An industry redefined
2006: Reshuffling the deck
2005: Gradual evolution
2004: Migration down, innovation up
2003: The competition heats up
2002: Capturing the migrating customer
2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation
2015: Operationalizing Innovation
2016: Power Plays
2017: Competing visions for Technology, openness, workflows

14. Library Systems Report 2017
“Competing visions for technology, openness, and workflow”

15. 2017: Competing Visions April 2017 issue of American Libraries
Assembly of companies with involvement in business activities spanning technology and content
Synergies among business activities which will give insight to inform business strategies without imposing control on their library customers
Horizontal and Vertical Consolidation
Mergers among companies with similar business activates
Expansion into new areas of business
Library technology increasingly part of the mix

16. Consolidation: deep and wide
Horizontal consolidation: M&A among ILS and RFID companies
SirsiDynix
Innovative
Bibliotheca
Vertical Consolidation: Acquisition into top-level companies
Content + Technology + Services
ProQuest: Acquisition of Ex Libris, Serials Solutions
EBSCO: FOLIO, Stacks, etc.
Follett: Acquisition of Baker & Taylor

17. ProQuest acquires Ex Libris
Ex Libris now part of US-based ProQuest
Joins largest library tech provider for academic and research libraries with major content and services provider

18. New competitive dynamic
ProQuest
EBSCO Information Service
Content: ProQuest platform
OASIS acquisitions
Ex Libris + PQ product suite
Alma
Primo, Summon
Strategy of platform bundling: Alma + Primo
EBSCOhost
EBSCO Discovery Service
GOBI acquisitions service
Strategy of Integrating discovery into all other platforms
Open Source Strategy:
FOLIO
Koha

19. EBSCO Launches FOLIO
EBSCO offers diverse content and technology products and services
EBSCO Discovery Services most widely deployed index-based discovery service globally
Enters ILS space not by acquisition but through new open source initiative

20. FOLIO open source Project
Future of the Library is Open
Sponsored by EBSCO
Major source of funding
Technology leadership
Initial development by Index Data
Anticipation of community-based development
Lightweight microservices oriented platform
Modular functional design with pluggable apps

21. Technology Microservices architecture Modular
Enables choice for discovery
Pluggable modules
Not monolithic

22. EBSCO Involvement Not owned by EBSCO
EBSCO provides financial and in-kind resources
Governed through independent non-profit
Participation by Kuali OLE
Engage with developers from libraries, consortia, and commercial entities
EBSCO will provide hosting services
Based on modules and pluggable apps

23. Product Development Timeline

24. Innovative expands Strategies
James Stallman appointed as new CEO in Feb 2016
Brought in a new set of executives to work with existing management team
Focus on transformation as enterprise class library solutions company from traditional ILS vendor

25. SirsiDynix makes progress on BLUEcloud
Symphony and Horizon continue as strategic ILS platforms
BLUEcloud platform and brand for new modules and interfaces
BLUEcloud Circulation, BLUEcloud Cataloging, BLUEcloud Acquisitions, eResource Central, etc.
BLUEcloud campus includes electronic resource management, as well as integration with EDS and Knowledgebase

26. OCLC Expands Resource Sharing
Global membership organization with wide range of products and services
Owns and supports many legacy ILS products
WorldShare Management Services and WorldCat Discovery Service are its current flagship products
Recent expansion in resource sharing:
WorldShare Interlibrary Loan: well established global ILL service
Acquired: Relais International and its consortial borrowing products
Launched Tipasa as new ILL management system (replacing ILLiad)

27. Scandinavia Events
Axiell launches Quria library services platform for public libraries
In development since 2015
First library in production Sept 2017: Drammen Public Library
Cicero/ Fælles BiblioteksSystem developed by Systematic as a national shared system for Danish public and school libraries:
1,500 on shared system;
Final phase of implementation: last libraries migrate in Oct 2017
Multi-tenant cloud-based platform with centralized bibliographic database

28. Perceptions 2016
An International Survey of Library Automation

29. Library Automation Perceptions Survey
Annual survey conducted via Library Technology Guides since 2007
Aims to measure library satisfaction with strategic technology products
Satisfaction with support
Interest in open source
Loyalty to current vendor
Report of findings published on Library Technology Guides

30. International Perceptions Report
Based on a series of annual surveys addressed to libraries
Probes levels of satisfaction with their automation systems
4,042 responses to 2016 survey
1,062 narrative comments
Conducted since 2007: view trends over time
Data collected Nov-Dec, published early the following year

31. Responses Linked to entries in libraries.org
Only one response allowed per library
Only one response allowed per address
Demographic details transferred from libraries.org entry to survey form:
Country
Collection Size
Library Type

32. Institutional perspective
Responders encouraged to reflect general view of the institution
Personal opinions vary within an organization
Responses may vary according to the role of the person responding

33. Anonymous Responses
Only survey administrator has access to raw response data
Preserve anonymity of individual responding and institution
Comments redacted to remove identifying text
Original text preserved, but not publicly displayed
Avoid reprisals from vendors for negative responses

34. Key Survey Questions Satisfaction Score for ILS
ILS Functionality Score
Print Functionality Score
Electronic Functionality Score
Satisfaction Score for ILS Support
Loyalty to Company Score

35. Narrative Comments Free text available for additional comments
Comments tend to be highly negative or highly positive
Neutral responders usually do not bother to provide narrative

36. Multi-year Response Totals
Survey Responses by Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Total
1,779
1,453
2,099
2,173
2,432
3,030
3,002
3,141
3,453
4,042
26,604

37. Responses by Library Type

38. Geographic Distribution

39. Survey Form

40. Survey Form (continued)

41. International Perspective
Survey offered in:
English
Spanish
German
Italian
Finnish
Results published in:

42. Spanish Translation

43. Technology
Relies on technical infrastructure of Library Technology Guides
Custom content management system
MySQL
ODBC database interface
Presentation and calculations written in Perl
Google visualization API for graphs and charts

44. Collection Size Categories
count
More
Less
462
10,000
1,308
10,001
50,000
484
50,001
100,000
560
100,001
250,000
385
250,001
500,000
280
500,001
1,000,000
372
1,000,001
10,000,000 23
10,000,001
168
No collection size data
4,042
Total of Categories

45. Statistics
Response Distribution: tally of scores in each numerical rating
Mode: Response with the most selections
Mean: Mathematical average of responses
Median: Middle response
Standard Deviation: calculated statistical variance

46. General Satisfaction by Year

47. ILS satisfaction over time

48. Alma satisfaction scores

49. Considering ILS migration

50. Segmentation of Results
Results organized by size and type of library
Larger libraries score on a much more harsh scale than small libraries
Same products perform differently in each type of library

51. Large Public Libraries

52. Large Academic Libraries

53. Impact of Survey & Report
Public oversight of products and vendors
Vendors frequently cite report
Allocate resources to improve performance
Survey often differs from internal satisfaction measures
Libraries use results as part of selection consideration
Important to use results carefully
Use to direct line of investigation, not to draw conclusions in a procurement

54. General Technology Trends

55. Fundamental technology shift
Mainframe computing
Client/Server
Cloud Computing

56. Software Development Styles
Monolithic Applications
Codebase of application deployed as a single bundle of executables and libraries on a unified platform
Microservices Architecture
Multiple independent software components orchestrated to form a unified application
Common infrastructure:
User interface toolkit
API Gateway
Persistence layer

57. } Monolithic Application: Enterprise SOA Model
Scripts/ Third Party Systems
User Interfaces
API endpoints
Web service
Presentation Layer
Application software Business Logic }
Reusable
Composable Services
Enterprise Service Bus
Database Engine
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table

58. Microservices-based Application
Scripts/ Third Party Systems
User Interfaces
API endpoints
Presentation Layer / UI Toolkit
API Gateway
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Microservice
Data Store
Web service
Run time libraries
Application software
Service components
Persistence / System Layer

59. Software as a Service Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach
One copy of the code base serves multiple sites
Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces
No workstation clients
Upgrades and fixes deployed universally
Usually in small increments

60. Data as a service
SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models
WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries
Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central
KnowledgeWorks database of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions products
General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows

61. Open Systems
Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies
Libraries need to do more with their data
Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies
Demand for Interoperability
Open source – full access to internal program of the application
Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

62. Academic Library Perspective

63. Operational trends in large Academic Libraries
Spending on Electronic Resources dominates budgets
Generally flat budgets + 4% annual inflation = budget stress
Decreasing spending on print monographs
Transition from print to electronic journals complete, shift to e-books underway.
Demand-driven acquisitions

64. Legacy: Fragmented Environment
Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print
Duplicative financial systems between library and university
Electronic Resource Management
E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver
A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids
Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)
Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)
Separate systems for archival materials and special collections
Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections
No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

65. Library Services Platform
Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services
Services-oriented architecture
Exposes Web services and other API’s
Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform
General infrastructure for library automation
Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service
Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

66. Library Services Platforms
New genre of resource management
Workflows unified across electronic, print, and digital formats
Flexible metadata management: MARC, Dublin Core, BIBFRAME, etc.
Deployed via web-native multi-tenant platform
Built-in analytics and decision support

67. Library Services Platforms – Functional
Manages electronic and print formats of materials
Replaces multiple incumbent products
Extensive Metadata Management
Multiple procurement workflows
Knowledgebases
Built-in collection analytics
Decision support for collection development

68. Platform characteristics
Technical infrastructure to support complex business applications
Delivers common services: data stores, messaging, events, workflow engine
Agnostic relative to structure of higher-level applications
Common UI framework
Designed for multitenancy

69. Shared Technology Infrastructure
Increasing interest in shared technology infrastructure among members of library systems and consortia
Shift from stand-alone implementations to shared infrastructure
Remove obstacles to strategic collaboration
Collaborative Collection Development
Shared access to collections
Re-distribution of technical services
Ability to share language experts and subject specialists

70. Benefits of shared infrastructure
Increased cooperation and resource sharing
Collaborative collection management
Lower costs per institution
Greater universe of content readily available to patrons
Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

71. Shared infrastructure Projects
Orbis Cascade
WHELF
South Australia
Ireland Public Libraries
JULAC
California State University
University System of Georgia
Complete Florida Plus Program
University of Wisconsin system

72. Beyond the Library Services Platform
More efficient ways to manage collections is a positive move, but not in itself transformative
Build on the LSP infrastructure to support new areas of library service
Involvement with the management, preservation, and access of research data
Deeper involvement in teaching activities: resource lists for courses; other areas of curriculum support
Facilitate collaboration among students, faculty within the institution and globally
Help expand the impact of libraries globally

73. Resource Discovery Trends

74. Current state Academic Libraries: Public Libraries
Index-based model dominates
3: Ex Libris, EBSCO, OCLC
Public Libraries
Online catalogs or discovery interfaces from ILS Vendor
Replacement Discovery Interfaces
Comprehensive Library portals

75. 2015 Index-based Discovery
Index-Based Discovery Services Installations
Product
2015
2014
2013
Total
EBSCO Discovery Service
2,634
2634
1774
10,003
Primo
117 88 98
1,766
Summon
158
195
169
718
WorldCat Discovery Services
3,642
WorldCat Local
698

76. Web-scale Index-based Discovery
ILS Data
Web-scale Index-based Discovery
(2009- present)
Digital Collections
Search:
Web Site Content
Institutional Repositories
Aggregated Content packages
Search Results
Consolidated Index
Open Access …
E-Journals
Usage-generated Data
Customer Profile
Reference Sources
Pre-built harvesting and indexing

77. Bento Box Discovery Model
Aggregated Content packages
Search:
Open Access
ILS Data
VuFind / Blacklight
E-Journals
Consolidated Index
Search Results
Web Site Content
Digital Collections
Institutional Repositories
Pre-built harvesting and indexing

78. Yewno Discovery
New approach to discovery based on exploring concepts rather than keywords
Spin-off from Stanford University, led by Ruggero Gramatica
Uses machine learning to extract concepts from documents
Visual interface for navigating and exploring concepts within the body of documents

79. Yewno Discovery interface
Quick demo:

80. Integrate Discovery with Resource Management?
Should there be a tight bundling of Discovery Services with Library Services Platforms:
WorldCat Discovery Services + WorldShare Management Services
Primo + Alma
EBSCO rejects tight bundling
Partners with almost all ILS products
Support for open source FOLIO project
Many libraries prefer providing discovery separately

81. Discovery from Content Providers
Two of the major discovery services are tied to content providers:
EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO Discovery Service
ProQuest:
Summon
Primo + Primo Central
Explicit bias would not be tolerated by libraries
Providing discovery services can provide insight into content acquisition and patron behaviors

82. Discovery Trends: Academic Libraries
Total
Primo Central
Summon
EDS
WorldCat
Native Catalog US
World
Alma
380
660
332
563 3 4 13 14
WorldShare
281
317 2 5 23 24
253
284
Voyager
255
352 40 50 27 32 47 52 7
Aleph
144
446 18 10 60 73 9 15
201
Sierra
408
758 42 70
161
210 1
191
265
Symphony
370
607 8 25
101
142
231
398
Any
449
874
146
295
520
743
290
334

83. From Discovery to Content Management
Extend the discovery environment to not only replace the online catalog, but to replace the full library web site
Library-specific content management system
Fully integrate discovery into the library’s web environment
Include all content and services on the site into discovery
Comprehensive library portal

84. Examples BiblioCommons: Infor Axiell
BiblioCore + BiblioCMS
Infor
Iguana
Axiell
Arena
Global Forge (formerly Hybrid Forge)
Stacks
Toronto Public Library
Endeca-powered catalog + Web site

85. Library Discovery Futures
Beyond Index-based Discovery

86. The future of Resource Discovery
Discovery more integrated into a broader view of library content and services
More comprehensive discovery indexes
Stronger technologies for search and retrieval
Discovery beyond library-provided interfaces
Linked Data to supplement discovery indexes

87. Universal participation
Barriers to participation soften as mutual interest prevails over competitive conditions
Advantage to content providers to maximize exposure of resources
Discovery providers gain value in functionality as metadata becomes increasingly commoditized
Essential to preserve value of indexing and abstracting services
Content providers see discovery as a essential channel for distribution

88. More Distributed Discovery
Address the reality that discovery takes place outside of library provided interfaces
Optimized exposure in the ecosystem of search engine and social network
Not Concentrated on the Library web site
Expression of discovery services via other campus tools and portals and beyond

89. Multi-layered discovery
Native interfaces of specialized content services
Disciplinary aggregations
General library discovery tools
Global Internet-based discovery

90. Discovery beyond Library Interfaces
Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar
Same expectations for transparency?
Better exposure of library-oriented content
Schema.org or other microdata formats
Better exposure of scholarly resources
Open access and Proprietary
Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

91. Part of the General Internet Infrastructure
Scholarly content will be promoted via similar mechanisms as commercial content
Additional levels of infrastructure to protect privacy
Resource management and/or discovery tools expose content items as open linked data
Effectively manage restricted content, paywalls, authentication services to provide widest access to materials while respecting copyright and subscription restrictions

92. Library opts out of Discovery
Utrecht University Library
Decision to not implement a discovery service but to rely entirely on Google Scholar and other general and scholarly search engines
for-literature/searching-for-articles-books-theses
(ongoing strategy as of 2017)
Kortekaas , Simone. “Thinking the unthinkable: a library without a catalogue — Reconsidering the future of discovery tools for Utrecht University library.” LIBER General Annual Conference 2012

93. Linked Data / Semantic Search
Major trend toward information systems based on linked data
Many projects now based on linked data
Area of peak interest for Library of Congress, OCLC, etc.
BIBFRAME
Potential to transform how libraries approach discovery
Likely interim hybrid models: central indexes + Linked Data
Current opportunities in making library content more discoverable

94. Hybrid models
Can index-based search tools be improved through Linked Data
Browse to related resources
Add additional hierarchies of structure to search results

95. Possibilities for Open Access discovery index
Open source tools exist for discovery Interfaces:
VuFind
Blacklight
No open access discovery indexes
High threshold of expense and difficulty to build index
Platform costs
Software development
Publisher relations
Billions of content items to index and maintain

96. Current model requires massive resources
Threshold of resources required currently too high for open access central discovery index
Assessment might change if options narrowed
Opportunities to lower barriers to entry?
More open model more likely to come through linked data discovery model

97. Commoditization of Central Indexes
Knowledgebases of e-resource coverage commoditized via KBART and other factors
Central index content likewise will eventually become commoditized
Limited number of discovery service platforms?
Value found in the synergies between library resource management and optimized discovery and delivery

98. Value in open scholarship
Hopefully the future will be based on open access to scholarly research
Mandates from funding organizations will transform scholarly communications
Current discovery models based on preponderance of proprietary content
Future discovery must assume dominance of open access publishing and underlying data sets

99. Future of discovery service products
Remain one of the essential components of library technology infrastructure
Loosely or tightly tied to resource management
Increased sophistication in direct discovery and delivery functionality
Increased expectation to syndicate content to local and global discovery context

100. The next phase of Discovery
Now in a critical point for discovery
Current products evolve
Reaching limits of the prevailing architecture?
Current set of products and services an interim step
Important for stakeholders to engage in defining the future of library resource discovery
Future products must address expected changes in scholarly publishing, library priorities, and institutional strategies.

101. Questions and discussion