1. Unit 2: Population (Part V) Population pyramids

2. Dependency Ratio
The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years

3. 0-15 = Dependents 16-64 = Workers 65+ = Dependents Dependency Ratio
DR = Number of Dependents (0-15 and 65+)
Number of Working-age (16-64)
X 100

4. Population under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency age is 0-15

5. Gender (Sex) Ratio: number of males per hundred females
Gender Ratio
Gender (Sex) Ratio: number of males per hundred females
In general more males are born than females
Males have higher death rates
Examples:
Europe and North America = 95:100
Rest of World = 102:100

6. Gender Ratio – Developing Countries
Have large % of young people –where males generally outnumber females
Lower % of older people – where females are typically more numerous
High immigration = more males

7. Population Pyramids
A country’s stage in Demographic Transition gives it a distinctive population structure
Also called
Age/Sex Pyramids

8. Population Pyramid Population composition on graph:
Males = left side of the vertical axis
Females = right side of the vertical axis
Age = order sequentially with youngest
at the bottom and oldest at the top
(usually by five-year cohorts)

9. Rapid Growth, Poor Country
A country in stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model
Large number of young people and a smaller older population
High infant mortality, short life expectancy, rapid population growth

10. Slow Growth A country in stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model
Large number of “older people”
Smaller % of young people

11. No Growth End of stage 4 Large number of “older people”
Very small % of young people

12. Population Pyramid Summary for United States: 1950, 2025, 2050

13. Population Pyramids Summary for India: 1991, 2003

14. One “weird” pyramid

15. Population Woes for East Asia
Japan
1970s-BR 2.1/2015-BR 1.0
Japanese are living longer
Highest proportion of elderly in the world
Currently 20% of population is over 65
By % will be over 65
WHAT WILL THEIR FUTURE PYRAMID RESEMBLE? Here you go…

16. China’s future China (1/5th of the world’s population)-1.36 billion
One-Child Policy-implemented in 1979, prevented over 400 million births. Reduced TFR from 5.3 to 1.5
Fall in fertility rates due to improving economic and social factors in urban areas
Late-term abortions encouraged
Baby girls sold for average of $3,000/baby
Couples are fined $3,000 per additional child beyond one in urban areas
Rural families were allowed to have two children if first was a girl
China now has one of the oldest populations in the world-30% over 50 yrs. old
WHAT WILL THEIR FUTURE PYRAMID RESEMBLE?

17. The End of the “pyramid” (for developed countries)