1. Essential Question: How and Why did the Civil Rights Movement Expand?
What you need today:
Notes sheet: 2. March to Equality
Timeline sheet

2. Acting as an Amateur Historian
1948
Acting as an Amateur Historian
On July 26, 1948, President Truman issued Executive Order 9981, before the onset of the Korean War.
What major change did this executive order implement in the military?
2. How do you think WWII, and the work of minority regiments such as the Navajo Code Talkers and Tuskegee Airmen, contribute to the passage of this Executive Order?
On your time line, place the date and the event. Draw a picture to represent Executive Order 9981

3. Sweatt v. Painter
In 1946, Heman Marion Sweatt applied for admission to the University of Texas School of Law in Austin. However, then-UT President Theophilus Painter, following the advice of the state attorney general, rejected Sweatt's application on the grounds that Texas's constitution prohibited integrated education.
With the help of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, (NAACP) Sweatt filed suit against the university seeking admission. At that time, no law school in Texas admitted African Americans. A Texas court continued the case, which gave the state time to establish a separate law school for blacks in Houston.
Texas courts backed the state's policy based on the "separate but equal" doctrine established by the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson. However, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the separate school established for blacks lacked "substantive equality" for a number of reasons, including the fact that the school had fewer faculty members and an inferior law library and other facilities. The court's decision affirmed Sweatt's right to equal educational opportunity, and in the fall of 1950, he entered UT's law school.
1950
Who:
Details:
Outcome:
How many years did it take for Sweatt to finally be allowed in Law School?
On your time line, place the date and the event. Draw a picture to represent Sweatt v. Painter

4. Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education- VIDEO
1954
Brown v. Board of Education
Linda Brown and other African American Students had been denied admission to an all-white pubic school near their homes. The NAACP alleged that segregated public schools denied African-American children the “equal protection” of the law due to them under the 14th amendment, in addition lawyers argued that the education was inherently inferior to the education of white children.
Outcome:
“In the field of education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place.”
The court ruled that “separate but equal” has no place in education. Schools must be integrated.
How did this decision overturn Plessy v. Ferguson?
On your time line, place the date and the event. Draw a picture to represent Brown v. Board of Education
It overturned “separate but equal”

5. Brown v. Board of Education Continued
Acting as an Amateur Historian
“We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors may be equal, deprive children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does…We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reasons of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.”
How do you think those “educational opportunities” were unequal for minority groups?
What was the impact (long-term effects) of this decision on the schools?

6. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott- 1955
Cause:
In December 1955, Rosa Parks, an African American seamstress and local NAACP member, refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama. When Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat, local African American leaders began a boycott of the city’s public busses
Why would Rosa Parks voluntarily get arrested?
Effect:
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a pastor from Montgomery, was the leader of the boycott. The boycott lasted 13 months. King rallied the boycotters at meetings in his church. They carpooled to take each other work. King was arrested and his house was bombed.
Even though he was threatened, MLK continued to fight. Why?
Outcome:
The boycott last and the case was taken to the federal court. The court ruled that segregation on the buses operated by the city of Montgomery had violated the “equal protection” clause of the 14th amendment. The boycott showed that African Americans could unite successfully to oppose segregation.
How do you think the white community reacted to the boycott?
Add the date
On your time line, place the date and the event. Draw a picture to represent Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott