1. The Introduction

2. Subheading Usually without for article
May be used in academic paper format (e.g., thesis or dissertation)
May also be referred to by “Chapter”
e.g., Chapter I

3. Introduction Establishes boundary of study Provides background
History of project
Origins of idea
From previous work by same investigator
From work from other investigators
Literature review
Purpose of the study

4. Literature Review
In journal articles - may be a part of the Introduction
Thesis/dissertation - often stands alone
e.g., Chapter II

5. Components of the Introduction
Problem statement
Background
Theoretical or conceptual framework
Pertinent literature review
Purpose

6. Problem Statement Specific “aim” of the study
What is the context of the investigation?
Who is/are the subject(s)?

7. Background From what idea(s) did the study derive?
May include brief history of project
Is this an applied/clinical study?
Is this a basic science study?

8. Theoretical Framework
Is the study:
Theory based?
Clinically based?
From what theory does the study derive or what theory is being tested?
Dynamic systems
Inverse dynamics
CPG
Are there competing theories?

9. Literature Review
Discussion during a separate class session

10. Purpose Usually a component of the last paragraph
States the overall objectives
May refer to subject(s)
May include brief description of design
Case study
Single subject design
Quasi-experimental, etc.
Variables studied