1. Role of IACS in Arctic shipping
Past, present and future role of IACS and individual classification societies in Arctic shipping
Morten Mejlænder-Larsen, DNV Maritime
Symposium on Coastal State Regulation of Marine Shipping, Tromsø 31 October 2008

2. Content DNV focus on Arctic The Class Concept
IMO Guideline for ships operating in Arctic ice-covered waters
IACS
IACS organisation
Relation between Class Societies and IACS
Implementation of IACS Unified Polar Rules
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3. DNV-Arctic Focus
25% of known oil and gas resources located in the cold areas
Russia has become the largest exporter of oil and a major exporter of gas
Increased export of oil and minerals from ice infested waters
Ship operations in Cold Climate will require:
specially designed ships and equipment
crew with experience
Implementation of Polar Class rules, referred to in the IMO Guideline
© Photo Arnstein Moen
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4. R = P x C North Sea/World wide Arctic R R Ex. Maritime Risk:
Collision with other vessel
Contact
Fire/explosion
Structural failure
Grounding
Collision with installation
Collision during Ship To Ship (STS) approach
Accidental oil spill during loading/unloading
Additional risk
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5. -but less ice, higher risk
INSROP (1999)
Suez Canal
Strait of Malacca
Year- round Navigation
The ice is melting.....
-but less ice, higher risk
Distance (Nautical Miles) Hamburg to Yokohama:
Northern Sea Route ~ 6,920
Suez Canal ~ 11,073
Panama Canal ~ 12,420
Cape of Good Hope ~ 14,542

6. Ice Rule Development in DNV
1871, §19 First Rules including requirements for ice-reinforcement:
Frames: Additional frames in the bow region.
Plate thickness: Increased thickness in bow
1960, Several ice classes introduced, in conformity with Finnish-Swedish ice regulations
1988, Rules for ”Vessels for Arctic and Icebreaking Service” implemented into the DNV Rules for Classification of Ships
2008, Polar Classes implemented into the DNV Rules for Classification of Ships, based on IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Ships
”Fram” was built to survive arctic drift by Fridtjof Nansen, who used the ship on his expedition 1893 to 1896.
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7. Scope of classification
Based on published rules, the classification process consists of:
Approval of design
Attendance at the construction to verify that the vessel is constructed in accordance with the classification rules
Upon satisfactory completion of the above, a certificate of classification will be issued
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8. Scope of classification
Once in service, periodical class surveys are carried out
Class rules do not cover every piece of structure or item of equipment on board a vessel, nor do they cover operational elements.
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9. DNV classification services in Cold Climate
Mandatory
Class/Statutory
(basic)
Hull strength/fatigue
Corrosion
Coating
Machinery
SOLAS/MARPOL/LL
Normally required
Ice Class
Baltic/Arctic
Ice strengthening
- Rudder/ stock
- Hull
- Propeller/ shaft
ME output
Sea chest arr.
Ballast water anti freezing
WINTERIZED ARCTIC (material °C, extreme °C)
Built to ARCTIC or ICEBREAKER class
Requirements to CP propeller, or diesel/electric
Two engine rooms for Power, AUX, and heating
Helicopter landing facilities
Life saving and navigation equip certified for low temperatures
Human factors
Comfort class
- Noise
- Vibrations
- Indoor climate
WINTERIZED COLD (material °C, extreme °C)
Built to BALTIC or ARCTIC ice class
Requirements to location of safety equipment
Requirements to steel grades, DAT(-xx) notation
WINTERIZED BASIC
Arrangements for anti-icing and de-icing
Heating of spaces with important equipment
Arrangements and location of generator capacity
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10. Winterisation Winterisation for health Winterisation for safety
Hydro
Winterisation for health
Physical effects such as fatigue, frostbite, hypothermia
Winterisation for safety
Safety-critical equipment and systems
Winterisation for operability
Systems to maintain the functionality of desired operations
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11. IMO Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice-Covered Waters
Prompted by the disaster of Exxon Valdez (1989), IMO started working on a unified code for navigation in polar waters
Goal: Harmonize regulations for Arctic Shipping in polar waters
In 2002 the Marine Safety Committee (MSC) and the Marine Environment Committee (MEPC) approved Guidelines for ships operating in Arctic ice-covered waters (MSC/Circ.1056 –MEPC/Circ.399).
Still voluntary, however the guideline represent an important step towards improved regulatory framework for shipping in ice-infested waters
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12. The IMO Arctic Guidelines
PART A: Construction provisions
- Structures (reference to IACS Unified Requirements for Polar ships)
- Substructures and stability
- Accommodation and escape measures
- Directional control systems
- Anchoring and towing arrangements
- Main machinery
- Auxiliary machinery systems
- Electrical installations
PART B: Equipment
- Fire fighting
- Life saving appliances
- Navigational equipments
PART C: Operational
- Operational guidelines
- Crewing
- Emergency equipment
PART D Environmental protection and damage control
- Environmental protection and damage control
The work commenced in the mid to late 1980’s and the guidelines were finally approved by MEPC and MSC in 2002 and published as MSC Circ 1056 and MEPC Circ 399 in The original idea, to establish a polar code of shipping did not get support at that time, probably because of lack of support for establishing rules that could become mandatory at that point in time.
Ships operating in the Arctic environment are exposed to a number of unique risks. Poor weather conditions and the relative lack of good charts, communication systems and other navigational aids pose challenges for mariners. The remoteness of the areas makes rescue or clean-up operations difficult and costly. Cold temperatures may reduce the effectiveness of
numerous components of the ship, ranging from deck machinery and emergency equipment to sea suctions. When ice is present, it can impose additional loads on the hull, propulsion system and appendages.
The Guidelines address the fact that the Arctic environment imposes additional demands on ship systems, including navigation, communications, life-saving, main and auxiliary machinery, etc.
They emphasize the need to ensure that all ship systems are capable of functioning effectively under anticipated operating conditions and providing adequate levels of safety in accident and emergency situations.
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13. IACS Unified Requirements UR I1-I3
Specify application of structural and machinery requirements
Provide descriptions of polar classes to convey differences with respect to operational capability and strength
No requirements included in UR I1
Applicable to any ship opeating in ice-infested polar waters, including Icebreakers
UR I2
Structural requirements to enable polar class ships to withstand global and local ice
loads, as well as temperature, characteristic of their polar class
Plating, framing, plated structures and hull girder
Material requirements, corrosion/abrasion allowances
Hull appendages, stem and stern frames
UR I3
Propeller ice interaction loads
Structural requirements for propeller, machinery components and system
Implemented into DNV Rules from March 2008
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14. International Association of Classification Societies
IACS
International Association of Classification Societies
Dedicated to safe ships and clean seas, IACS members make a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical support, compliance verification and research and development.
More than 90% of the world's cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance rules and standards set by the ten Member Societies and one Associate of IACS.
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15. IACS Member Societies © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved
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16. IACS organisation chart
IACS Council
EG/LAW
EG/GBS
Permanent Secretariat
Quality Committee
Quality Secretariat
General Policy Group
EG/FSA
EG/NCSR
EG/Data
EG/Coating
EG/ILO
On hold, until further notice
Hull Panel
Machinery Panel
Statutory Panel
Survey Panel
EG/ISM ISPS
Project team
Project team
Project team
Project team
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17. IACS bodies explained Council General Policy Group [GPG]
The Council is the political governing body of the Association and consists of one representative of each Member Society.
General Policy Group [GPG]
The GPG is the technical governing body of the Association and consists of one representative of each Member Society
Permanent Secretary
Is the chief administrative officer of the Association and shall be responsible for the efficient day to day running of the Permanent Secretariat
Permanent Secretariat
Provides administrative support to the members and management support to the Chair
Quality Secretariat
Responsible for the assessment of each member with respect to compliance with QSCS.
Small Groups [SG]
A working group, established by Council to deal with a specific task.
Expert Groups [EG]
A working group, established by Council or GPG to advise on a specialised area of work of classification societies.
Panels
A Permanent working group established by Council or GPG related to specific areas of the technical work of classification societies.
Project Team
A temporary working group established under a Panel to deal with specific tasks.
Quality Committee
Is the governing body of the Quality System Certification Scheme.
The Quality Committee shall consist of one representative from each Member.
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18. Areas of competence of IACS Panels
Hull Panel
Machinery Panel
Statutory Panel
Survey Panel
Strength
Materials/Welding
Wave data/Sea loads
DSA
Drilling units
Polar ships
Hull damage
Containers
Mooring/Anchoring
RoRo Safety
Machinery
Electric systems
Computers
Polar Ship Machinery
Subdivision, stability and load lines
Fire protection and safety
Bulk liquid, gases and marine pollution
Exhaust emission control
ISM Code
ISPS
Life saving appliances
Bridge equipment etc.
ILO
Survey, reporting and certification
Certification of materials and equipment
New construction survey requirements
PR 1A (ToC)
PR 2 (EWS)
Note 1: Each Panel is composed of one member from each Society
Note 2: Panel Chairmen participate in some GPG meetings
Note 3: Panel Chairmen and their secretariats are financed by IACS members
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19. GUIDELINES FOR SHIPS OPERATING IN ARCTIC ICE-COVERED WATERS
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20. Ice Class Notations Baltic Polar Class PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 ICE-1A* PC6
Year-round operation in all Polar waters
PC2
Year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions
PC3
Year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year inclusions
PC4
Year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
PC5
Year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
1.0 m first year ice
ICE-1A*
PC6
Summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
0.8 m first year ice
ICE-1A
PC7
Summer/autumn operation in thin first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
0.6 m first year ice
ICE-1B
-PC1 to PC6 may be assigned additional notation ICEBREAKER
0.4 m first year ice
ICE-1C
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21. Ice Class Notations Baltic Polar Class PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 ICE-1A* PC6
KV Svalbard
Baltic
Polar Class
PC1
Year-round operation in all Polar waters
PC2
Year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions
PC3
Year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year inclusions
PC4
Year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
PC5
Year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
1.0 m first year ice
ICE-1A*
PC6
Summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
0.8 m first year ice
ICE-1A
PC7
Summer/autumn operation in thin first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
0.6 m first year ice
ICE-1B
-PC1 to PC6 may be assigned additional notation ICEBREAKER
0.4 m first year ice
ICE-1C
Photo: FMA
Photo: Silja Line
MS NordNorge
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22. Ice Class Notations Baltic Polar Class PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 ICE-1A* PC6
Year-round operation in all Polar waters
PC2
Year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions
PC3
Year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year inclusions
PC4
Year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
PC5
Year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
1.0 m first year ice
ICE-1A*
PC6
Summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
0.8 m first year ice
ICE-1A
PC7
Summer/autumn operation in thin first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions
0.6 m first year ice
ICE-1B
-PC1 to PC6 may be assigned additional notation ICEBREAKER
0.4 m first year ice
ICE-1C
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23. Ship-shaped offshore units
Mobile Offshore Units
Drill and production ships
Floating production
FPSO, FSO
Floating Offshore
Offshore
Ship
Prirazlomnoye
Stena
StatoilHydro
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24. www.dnv.com DNV is a global provider of services for managing risk.
Established in 1864, DNV is an independent foundation with the objective of safeguarding life, property and the environment.
DNV comprises 300 offices in 100 countries, with 8000 employees.
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