1. INTD409 Interior Environmental Technology Fall 2014/15
University of Nizwa
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture
Dept. of Architecture & Interior
INTD409 Interior Environmental Technology Fall 2014/15
W 9/A
Green Design Controls
Dr. Mamdouh I. Zaky

2. Whole design Green Design Controls Architectural design/Site planning
Lighting design
Whole design
HVAC design
Water system design
Energy management and control design 2

3. Architectural design & Site planning
Green Design Controls
Architectural design & Site planning 3

5. Bioclimatic architectural principles
Orientation
Thermal mass
Surface to volume ratio
Positioning of windows , shading
Selection of materials for wall , roof, windows, including insulation
Landscaping
Buildings in hot climate…
Orientation to cut off sun protected insulated windows external wall insulation
Lower surface to volume, Lighter finishes, Water as landscape element
Buildings in cold climate…
Large windows to capture sun
Thermal mass to store heat
Minimum Shading
Insulated walls and windows
Darker finishes
Well protected north 5

6. Effect of orientation on cooling load
North – south orientation would reduce cooling loads by 1.5%
Effect of efficient materials
Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23
Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall ratio 7%)‏
Use onsite sources and sinks
Day lighting
Earth cooling
Natural Ventilation (night cooling)
Earth cooling has helped do away with conventional space cooling and heating techniques for about 8 months a year 6

7. Green Design Controls
Lighting Design 7

8. The passive solar practice of placing windows, or other transparent
media, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural
sunlight provides effective internal illumination.
Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high performance glazings limit associated solar gains.
Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings in the Energy and Atmosphere credits. This is largely due to savings in the electric lighting that results from well daylit spaces.
Daylighting strategies can have synergies with other energy efficiency strategies such as displacement ventilation.
Minimize site lighting where possible
Full cutoff-luminaries
Low-reflectance surfaces
Low-angle spotlights 8

9. Green Design Controls
Water System design 9

10. Landscaping & Water use reduction
Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over
a theoretical baseline design for the specific region.
Successful Strategies:
Drought tolerant plants
Drip irrigation, moisture-sensing irrigation technologies
Recycled rainwater system
Municipally-provided non-potable water source use
Water Use Reduction, 20% and 30% Reduction
Dual flush water closets
Ultra low-flow water closets and urinals
Waterless Urinals
Sensor-operated, Low-flow lavatories
Rainwater collection reuse systems
Graywater reuse systems 10

11. Landscaping & Water use reduction
Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over
a theoretical baseline design for the specific region.
Successful Strategies:
Drought tolerant plants
Drip irrigation, moisture-sensing irrigation technologies
Recycled rainwater system
Municipally-provided non-potable water source use
Water Use Reduction, 20% and 30% Reduction
Dual flush water closets
Ultra low-flow water closets and urinals
Waterless Urinals
Sensor-operated, Low-flow lavatories
Rainwater collection reuse systems
Graywater reuse systems 11

12. Energy management system
Green Design Controls
Energy management system 12

13. Lighting requirements
Daylighting
Whole building energy optimization
Passive Systems
High Performance
Glazing
High Efficiency
Water Heating
Insulation
Building
Envelope
design
Reduced
Energy
requirements
Controls:
Enthalpy control,
Economizer,
Reheat by Steam
Occupancy Load,
Equipment Schedule
Reduced
Lighting requirements
Reduced
HVAC
requirements
High Efficiency
Lamps, Ballasts,
Luminaires
Sensors,
Controls
High Efficiency
AHUs, FCUs
High Efficiency
Pumps
High Efficiency
Chillers
High Efficiency
Cooling Towers 13

14. Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic (Solar electric) is a device which produce free electrons
when exposed to light resulting in power generation.
Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in use.
Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy which has no adverse effects on the environment.
23 kW solar photovoltaic system
55% energy savings over base building 14

15. Photovoltaic Applications
Shading Elements
Flat Roofs
Facades
Roof Top
Atria & Skylight 15

16. Sustainability at Site
Replace asphalt with concrete where possible
Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or sidewalks.
Consolidate parking into a parking garage
Bioswales
Filtration basins (filters)
Detention Ponds / Retention Ponds
Vegetated filter strips
Pervious paving
Vegetated/Garden Roofs
Energy Star rated roofing systems
High reflectivity coatings 16

17. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
Green Design Controls
Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning 17

18. The main purpose of commercial HVAC (Heat, Ventilation &
Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working
inside the building with “conditioned “ air .
"Conditioned" air means that air is clean and odor-free, and
the temperature, humidity, and movement of the air are
within certain comfort ranges
Systems may be clustered at a central location and serve an entire campus of buildings
Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of the building
Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your climate.
Selecting the proper type of and efficient heating system for your climate
Designing and sealing air distribution systems properly. 18

19. Replace CFC-based refrigerant.
Consider non-refrigerant based cooling such as evaporative cooling in dryer climates.
Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass, and bio-gas energy technologies
Sophisticated Electrical Management Systems, Building Automation Systems or Direct Digital Control systems inherently include most of the required monitoring points.
Combine carbon dioxide monitors with demand based ventilation.
Include carbon dioxide sensor points in BAS/DDC for system design automation.
Consider adjustable underfloor air diffusers, or thermostat controlled VAV boxes.
Operable windows can be used in lieu of comfort controls for occupants of areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of the window 19

20. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has established standards
which outline air quality for indoor comfort conditions that
are acceptable to 80% or more of a commercial building's
occupants. Generally, these indoor comfort conditions,
sometimes called the "comfort zone," are between 68 degrees
F and 75 degrees F for winter and 73 degrees F to 79 degrees
F during the summer. Both these temperature ranges are for
room air at approximately 50% relative humidity and moving
at velocity of 30 feet per minute or slower 20

21. Renewable energy systems Optimize energy performance
Use of integrated building and system design process yields a savings of up to 50-60% over conventionally designed buildings.
Efficiency measures typically payback in 1-3 year time 21