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Chemistry 14.1.

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Presentation on theme: "Chemistry 14.1."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chemistry 14.1

2 04/16 Complete Behavior of Gases WS 04/17 Complete Combined Gas Law WS
Due Dates 04/14 SA 14.1 04/15 SA 14.2 04/15 Do Mini Lab 04/16 Complete Behavior of Gases WS 04/17 Complete Combined Gas Law WS 04/20 Lab 04/21 Computer Lab 04/ Due Work on Ideal Gas Law WS 04/27 Ideal Gas Law WS Due Work on A-14 04/28 A-14 Due, Work on Study Guide 04/29 Assessment U-14

3 Pick up unit!!

4 Compressibility Compressibility is a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure. When a person collides with an inflated airbag, the compression of the gas absorbs the energy of the impact. A crash dummy can be used to test the effectiveness of an air bag. Because gases can be compressed, the air bag absorbs some of the energy from the impact of a collision. Air bags work best when combined with seat belts.

5 Under pressure, the particles in a gas are forced closer together.
Compressibility Gases are easily compressed because of the space between the particles in a gas. The distance between particles in a gas is much greater than the distance between particles in a liquid or solid. Under pressure, the particles in a gas are forced closer together.

6 Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
The amount of gas, volume, and temperature are factors that affect gas pressure.

7 Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
Four variables are generally used to describe a gas. The variables and their common units are pressure (P) in kilopascals volume (V) in liters temperature (T) in kelvins the number of moles (n).

8 Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
Amount of Gas You can use kinetic theory to predict and explain how gases will respond to a change of conditions. If you inflate an air raft, for example, the pressure inside the raft will increase.

9 Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
If the gas pressure increases until it exceeds the strength of an enclosed, rigid container, the container will burst. When a gas is pumped into a closed rigid container, the pressure increases as more particles are added. If the number of particles is doubled, the pressure will double. Predicting What would happen to the pressure in the container if the number of particles were tripled? If the number of particles were cut in half?

10 Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
Volume If you increase pressure, volume decreases

11 Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
When the volume of the container is halved, the pressure the gas exerts is doubled. A piston can be used to force a gas in a cylinder into a smaller volume. When the volume is decreased, the pressure the gas exerts is increased. Interpreting Diagrams What happens to the gas pressure when the volume is reduced from 1 L to 0.5 L?

12 Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
Temperature An increase in the temperature of an enclosed gas causes an increase in its pressure. As a gas is heated, the average kinetic energy of the particles in the gas increases. Faster-moving particles strike the walls of their container with more energy.

13 Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
When the Kelvin temperature of the enclosed gas doubles, the pressure of the enclosed gas doubles. An increase in temperature causes an increase in the pressure of an enclosed gas. The container can explode if there is too great an increase in the pressure.

14 14.1 Section Quiz. 14.1.

15 14.1 Section Quiz. 1. Compared to liquids and solids, gases are easily compressed because the particles in a gas attract each other. are spaced relatively far apart. are very small. repel each other.

16 14.1 Section Quiz. 2. Gas pressure is affected by temperature, volume, and the amount of the gas. temperature, volume, and the molar mass of the gas. phase diagram, volume, and the size of the container. temperature, phase diagram, and the mass of the gas container.

17 14.1 Section Quiz. 3. For gases, the SI units for volume (V), pressure (P), and temperature (T) are, respectively, liters, kilopascals, and °C. liters, kilopascals, and kelvins. cm3, kilopascals, and kelvins. liters, atmospheres, and °C.

18 END OF SHOW


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