1. Ancient Egypt
The Land of the Nile

2. Gifts of the Nile
Around 7000 years ago, people began to settle down along the Nile River in Africa. Imagine a deep green river and a wide azure sky, with lush plants and brown bluffs along the shoreline, and you’ve begun to imagine ancient Egypt.

3. Gifts of the Nile The Nile is the world’s longest river. It is over
6 670 kilometers (4000 miles) long. It is shaped like the lotus flower so often seen in ancient Egyptian art.
Because of the Nile, the ancient Egyptians enjoyed a high standard of living compared to other ancient civilizations.
Teacher Notes:
Ancient Egypt benefited from many natural barriers. There were deserts to the east and west of the Nile River, and mountains to the south. This isolated the ancient Egyptians and allowed them to develop a truly distinctive culture.

4. Gifts of the Nile
FARMING: Each year, the Nile flooded, leaving behind a rich dark soil called “The Gift of the Nile.”
Farmers grew figs, onions, pomegranates, apples, beans, garlic, peas, radishes, spinach, turnips, lettuce, cucumbers, carrots, melons, pumpkins, grapes, barley (for bread and beer), and flax (used to make clothing.)

5. Gifts of the Nile
Egyptian farmers divided their year into three seasons, based on the cycles of the River Nile.

6. Gifts of the Nile
ANNUAL FLOODING: Everything centered around this annual flooding of the Nile River.
June–September
Flooding Season - Akhet
October–February
Planting Season -Peret
March–May
Harvest Season -Shemu
And so time went...season after season...for a thousand years.

7. Gifts of the Nile
PASTURELAND: Herdsmen pastured animals along the Nile marshes. Cattle, oxen, sheep, and goats provided meat, milk, butter, hides, and dung as fuel for cooking.
FISH & GAME: There were ducks, wild geese, quail, water birds, crocodiles, and hippopotamuses.

8. Gifts of the Nile
TRANSPORTATION & TRADE: The Nile was a major trade route with cargo boats, passenger and funeral boats, and naval vessels.

9. Gifts of the Nile
BUILDING MATERIAL: The Nile created deposits of clay, granite, sandstone, and limestone. The Egyptians built their homes out of stone and clay, not wood.
PAPYRUS: A wild plant called papyrus grew along the riverbanks. The Egyptians used papyrus to make paper, boats, sandals, and baskets.

10. Gifts of the Nile
DRINKING WATER: The Nile was a river, not a salty sea. The ancient Egyptians could drink the water, wash their clothes, and bathe (which they did daily.)

11. Gifts of the Nile
The social life of the ancient Egyptians was also affected by the Nile. During the flooding season there was less to do. People had more time for recreational activities; so they played games, held sporting tournaments and had feasts.

12. Gifts of the Nile
RELIGION: The Egyptians' believed the god Hapy caused the yearly flooding.
Honouring a god was very important, so when a flood came the Egyptians would thank Hapy for bringing fertility to the land.

13. Gifts of the Nile
THE ARTS: Since everything centered around the annual flooding of the Nile, you can imagine what a worry it was—would the Nile flood again this year? The annual flooding was incredibly important to the ancient Egyptians. They wrote poems and created myths to explain the annual flooding.

14. The Egyptian flood myth begins with the sun god Ra, who feared that people were going to overthrow him. He sent the goddess Hathor, who was his eye, to punish the people. But she killed so many that their blood, flowing into the Nile River and the ocean, caused a flood.

15. Hathor greedily drank the bloody water
Hathor greedily drank the bloody water. Feeling that things had gone too far, Ra ordered slaves to make a lake of beer, dyed red to look like blood. Hathor drank the beer, became very drunk, and failed to finish the task of wiping out humanity. The survivors of her bloodbath started the human race anew.