1. The French Revolutions
Age of Metternich
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DavysOtherWingdings
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2. THE RESTORATION 1814-1830 Restoration of the Bourbons
Louis XVIII ( )
Classical Liberalist
CHARTER of 1814
Bi-cameral legislature, civil liberties, religious toleration

3. THE RESTORATION Executive Branch – King
Legislative Branch – Chamber of Peers, Chamber of Deputies (new privileged class)
Equality of Opportunity
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
WEALTH = POLITICAL WISDOM

4. THE RESTORATION CHARLES X (1824-1830) Political Party – ULTRAS
Ultra Royalists
Absolute
Tried to move France to the Right
July 26, 1830 – JULY ORDINANCES
Voting restricted 100,000 – 25,000

5. CHARLES X Dissolved Parliament Strict censorship imposed
Changed the voting laws to assure a conservative victory

6. FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1830 July 27,28,29 1830
The Three Glorious Days – JULY REVOLUTION
Barricades went up, rioting in the streets, workers, students, petty bourgeoisie
Death toll 700
Charles X abdicated
Generally, workers wanted more freedom, Bourgeoisie satisfied with Charter 1814

8. THE JULY MONARCHY Louis Philippe (1830-1848)
Duke of Orleans – Grandson of Charles X
Vote by Parliament – Assistance of General Lafayette
Bourgeois Monarchy
“Citizen King”

10. LOUIS PHILIPPE Led a bourgeoisie life
Wore a business suit, carried an umbrella, briefcase
Hand Shake – common people
Press Censorship abolished
King ruled by the will of the people not God
Property qualifications reduced
Tricolor replaces Bourbon flag
The gov’t was under the control of the wealthy middle class

11. FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 ISSUE – VOTING RIGHTS
Francis Guizot “Get Rich” “Work and grow rich, the you will become voters”
Feb 22 – Banquet scheduled by reformers – Government response – CANCELLED
Barricades went up – rioting in the streets
Feb. 24 Louise Philippe abdicated
Chamber of Deputies established a Provisional Government
10 men Executive Branch
Constituent Assembly – Write a New Constitution

12. FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 FRANCE DIVIDED
Alphonse Lamartine – Democrats 7 of 10 men on the Executive Committee
Louis Blanc – Socialist 3 of 10 men on the Executive Committee – “RIGHT TO WORK”
Workers supported Blanc – wanted social and economic reform
Used the red flag instead of the tricolor
SOCIALISM – state supported collectivist manufacturing
“NATIONAL WORKSHOPS”

13. NATIONAL WORKSHOPS Provisional Gov’t Political concession to Workers
“unemployment relief”
Many workers moved to Paris
April 23, 1848 Constituent Assembly – elected universal manhood suffrage
Mid – June 200,000 workers
National Workshops – out of jobs and money

14. FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 June 21, 1848 National Workshops dissolved
Workers 3 CHOICES – military, workshops in provinces, or forced out of Paris
THE BLOODY JUNE DAYS
June
Class Warfare – Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat
Martial Law declared by the Constituent Assembly

15. Les Misérables Victor Hugo (1862) The Miserable Ones, The Poor Ones
Based on the events of the “Bloody June Days”
Insurrection by the WORKERS

16. THE SECOND FRENCH REPUBLIC
New Constitution
Executive Branch – President
Legislative Assembly
Dec Elections = Napoleon III
“LAW AND ORDER”

17. NAPOLEON III Nephew of Napoleon I Success largely due to his name
Limited to one 4 year term
Dec orchestrated a coup
Legislative Assembly dissolved
Jan 1852 Plebiscite – people of France overwhelming vote yes
Napoleon III – EMPEROR
Ideologically? A shift to the?

18. SECOND EMPIRE 1852-1870 EMPEROR NAPOLEON III
Authoritarian - Dictatorial rule
France – Napoleon III pivotal role in the unification of both Italy and Germany
Genuine idealism and liberalism / ruthless authoritarianism
Abdicates 1870 – Franco-Prussian War

19. THE PARIS COMMUNE

20. THE PARIS COMMUNE 1871 Commune = local authority (council)
Anarchists and Socialists seize power
Chaos defeat by Prussians
Hailed as first time working class takes power
Socialist RED FLAG

21. ALSACE-LORRAINE

22. THE THIRD REPUBLIC 1871-1940 Instability
Anarchists,Socialists, Communists, Orleanists, Bonapartists, Legitimists
Coalition gov’t
Scandals

23. French Colonial Empire
The empire set up under the 3rd Republic was the greatest France had ever possessed.
Ironically, two-thirds of the missionary priests outside Europe were French!
By 1914, France was the second largest colonial power in the world and the largest in Africa.

24. France’s Colonial Empire

25. THE DREYFUS AFFAIR 1894 Jewish Captain Charged – German Spy
Emile Zola – “J’accuse”
Divided the Nation
One Common shared value
HATRED FOR GERMANY

26. THE ZIONIST MOVEMENT Theodore Herzl (1860-1904) Dreyfus affair
Book- Der Judenstaat, or The Jewish State in 1896.
“Father of Modern Zionism.”

27. URBANIZATION Baron Haussman – (1809-1891)
Rebuilding of Paris (Napoleon III)
Sewer system, bridges, “boulevards”
Gustave Eiffel 1889

28. EIFFEL TOWER 2 Years 2 months and five days to complete 984 ft. tall
Repainted every 7 years
1665 steps / elevator
Weighs 7,000 tons
Dark Brown Paint Color
20,000 light bulbs – 5,000 per side

30. FRANCE TO PRESENT Vichy France (1940-1944) – WWII
Provisional Government ( )
Fourth Republic ( ) – Algerian riots (1958)
Charles de Gaulle – 1st President of the 5th Republic ( )
Jacque Chirac ( )

31. NICHOLAS SARKOZY (b. 1955 ) President 2007
Lawyer, Mayor, Interior Minister
Defeated Socialist Candidate – 6th president of the Fifth Republic
Center-Right – Union for a Popular Movement Party
“A New France is Coming”
Pro-American