1. EQ: What are the structures & functions of the 4 biomolecules?
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EQ: What are the structures & functions of the 4 biomolecules?
EQ: How are large complex molecules formed from simple organic molecules?

2. Basic Vocabulary Organic – pertaining to life Bio - living Mono – 1
Poly –
many
Macro –
large
Monomer – small subunit
Polymer – large molecule created by connecting monomers together

3. Biomolecules = Polymers = Organic Molecules = Macromolecules
Basic Vocabulary
Biomolecules = Polymers = Organic Molecules = Macromolecules

4. Chemistry Review
Energy is stored in chemical bonds
Bond Forming Bond Breaking Energy is required to combine two atoms, and that energy is stored in the bond. That stored energy is released when the bonds are broken.
ENERGY
ENERGY

5. All about Carbon! Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to 4 other atoms
Carbon-based molecules have 3 basic structures:
Straight Chain Branched Chain Ring

6. -Carbohydrates -Lipids -Proteins -Nucleic Acids
All about Carbon!
Carbon-based molecules are called organic molecules.
Our body needs these organic molecules to survive, & we get these from the food we eat.
The 4 biomolecules are:
-Carbohydrates -Lipids -Proteins -Nucleic Acids

7. Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Structure
Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)
1C:2H:1O Ratio; 2 H atoms for every 1 atom of C and O
Monomer
Simple Sugar called a monosaccharide
Glucose
(Monosaccharide)
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
(starch, cellulose, glycogen)

9. Carbohydrates Function Carbs are the main energy source of your body
Broken down in the mitochondria (during cellular
respiration) to release ATP
Some carbs are used for cell structure
Cellulose (polysaccharide) is a major component
of plant cell walls
Examples
Simple Carbs: white bread, white rice, syrup, soda, cake
Complex Carbs: starchy veggies like corn & potatoes, green veggies, whole grains, brown rice, beans, nuts

10. Lipids Structure Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)
Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains
Nonpolar!
Classes of Lipids
Fats; Monomers – 3 fatty acids & glycerol molecule
Waxes; Monomers – fatty acid & alcohol molecule
Steroids (ex – cholesterol); made of 4 fused carbon rings

11. Lipids
Steroid
Fatty Acid
Wax
Cholesterol

12. Lipids
Phospholipid
Triglyceride
*Most common*

13. Lipids More about Fatty Acids
Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated
Saturated Fats: solid at room temperature
Unsaturated Fats: liquid at room temperature (usually)
You should eat
more unsaturated
fats

14. Lipids
Function
Fats – HUGE energy source but used as energy storage (carbs are used 1st because they’re easier to break down); insulation; cushion for organs
Phospholipids – form cell membrane
Steroids – communication; controls many body processes (hormones)
Examples