1. CIS 199 Test 01 Review

2. Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit (CPU) Main Memory (RAM)
Brains
Operations performed here
Main Memory (RAM)
Scratchpad
Work area for programs, process, temporary data
Secondary Storage
Hard drive
Flash drive
CD, DVD

3. Input, Output Devices Input Output Takes data IN
Keyboard, Mouse, Game Controller, Microphone
Output
Pushes, places data OUT
Display, Speakers, Printers

4. Programs and Digital Data
Operating Systems. Microsoft Office, Web browsers
Instructions read by CPU and processed
Digital Data
1’s
0’s
…forms binary (base 2)

5. Built-In Types

6. Properties Exposed “Variables” or accessible values of an object
Can have access controlled via scope modifiers
When thinking of properties: Values and definitions
“get” – Code to run before returning a value
“set” – Code to run before updating a value
Can be used for validation and other processing actions
“value” is a keyword in “set”

8. Methods Actions, code to be executed
May return a value, may take value (not required)
Can be controlled via scope keywords
Can be static

9. Scope “private” – Can only be accessed by the class, object itself
“protected” – Can only be accessed by the class, object, or any child classes, objects
“public” – Available access for all

10. Named Constants AVOID MAGIC NUMBERS!
Allows for reference across similar scope
Change once, changes everywhere

11. Conditional Logic if(expression) else if(expression) else
If ‘expression’ is true
If not true, skipped
else if(expression)
Can be used to ‘chain’ conditions
Code runs if ‘expression’ is true
else
Code to execute if ‘expression’ false
Statements can be nested

12. Relational Operators X > Y X >= Y X < Y X <= Y X == Y
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than OR equal to
<= Less than OR equal to
== Equal to
!= NOT equal to
X > Y
X >= Y
X < Y
X <= Y
X == Y
X != Y

13. Operator Precedence (Highest) ++, --, ! * / % + -
< > <= >=
== !=
&& ||
= *= /= %= += -=
(Lowest)
Detailed from:

14. Comparing Strings You can use You cannot use You SHOULD use:
==, !=
You cannot use
>, >=, <, <=
You SHOULD use:
String.Compare(s1, s2)
s1 > s2
Returns positive Number
s1 = s2
Returns zero
s1 < s2
Returns negative number
Compares the unicode value of EACH character

15. Exceptions and Exception Handling
Exceptions are…
“Exceptional” events
Unexpected events, errors during runtime
Unhandled exceptions? Stack trace and application death
Handled with try/catch/finally blocks
Try block “attempts” to run the code in question
Catch block handles the exception(s) that may occur
Finally block, optional, always executes

18. Accepting User Inputs: GUI

19. Accepting User Input: Console

20. Sample Questions from Blackboard Wiki

21. What does ‘WYSIWYG’ stand for?
You
See Is
Get

22. GroupBox Vs Panel GroupBoxes have: Panels have: Group Title Scroll bar
Border styling options

23. What is the difference between a high-level and a low-level language?
Little to no ‘abstraction’ from the hardware or computer
“Close to the hardware”
Simple, but Difficult to use
Machine code, assembly, C (in some cases)
High-Level
Very strong ‘abstraction’ from the hardware or computer
“Far from the hardware”
Easier to use, abstraction adds complexity
C++, Java, C#, Python

24. How is the lifetime of a FIELD different from a lifetime of LOCAL variable?
Fields are members of their containing type
Fields can be used everywhere with appropriate scope
Local variables can be used only in their “local” environment

25. What two things does a variable declaration specify about a variable?
Type
Identifier
TYPE
IDENTIFIER

26. Describe ‘&&’ and ‘||’ and how they work.
Returns true if conditions are ALL true
“If you do well on the test AND the quiz, you will earn a great grade!”
|| (OR)
Returns true if ANY conditions are true
“You can run a mile OR walk two miles (possible do both!)”

27. Why is ‘TryParse’ more effective than ‘Parse’?
Less code
No try / catch required

28. What is the difference between a SIGNED an UNSIGNED int?

29. What is the difference between syntax errors and logic errors?
Syntax Errors – Errors that prevent compilation or other factors that prevent successful compilation
striing myString = string.Empty; // Won’t compile, syntax error
Logic Errors – Errors that occur during runtime, such as incorrect comparison or other unexpected behavior
If(grade > 60) { Code if grade is F } // Incorrect operator used

30. What are the “Five logical units”?
CPU – Processing, instructions
Memory – Scratch pad, working space (Temporary)
Secondary Storage – Hard drives, storage (Long term)
Input – Keyboards, Mice, Controllers
Output – Monitors, Speakers, Printers

31. Explicit type conversion? Why and how?
Variables must be used for a single type never change
Move from one type to another, must cast
EXPLICIT cast / type conversion
Aware of information loss

32. Write a code fragment that will display “Good Job” when int variable score is 80 or more, “OK” when score is 70 – 79, and “Needs Work” for any score under 70.

33. Write a code fragment that will apply a 10% discount to the value in double variable total when int variable numItems is 5 or more and int variable zone is 1, 3 or 5.

34. Class Vs Objects
A Class can be described as a logical collection of attributes and behaviors (methods) that describe how a group of objects “look” and behave.
An object is an instance of a class.
Classes can be viewed as templates from which objects are created e.g. building plan (class)  houses (object)
The objects from a class can share the same features and structures but can differ in implementation and use e.g. Car (Class)  RedCar (object 1), BlueCar (object 2), SilverFastCar (object 3), SilverSlowCar (object 4)
class
Car RedCar = new Car(“Red”, 90.0); //object 1
Car BlueCar = new Car(“Blue”, 90.0); //object 2
Car SilverFastCar = new Car(“Silver”, 100.0); //object 3
Car SilverSlowCar = new Car(“Silver”, 20.0); //object 4
Car
Color
MaxSpeed
Accelerates()
Attributes
method

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