1. Industrial Revolution
Invention, Innovation, and Impact

2. Industrial Revolution (1790 – 1830)
The Industrial Revolution was a gradual replacement of many hand tools by machines (Factories & Manufactured good)
The Second Industrial Revolution (1865 – 1905) included discoveries, inventions, and the Bessemer Process.
The Bessemer Processes allowed for an increase in steel production and lead to more railroads and larger buildings.

3. Inventions & Innovation

4. Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution
Refined Oil- could now be used for cooking lighting, and heating. Creating a large demand.
Electricity- The spread of electricity by power companies brought power to homes & businesses.
Light Bulb – Thomas Edison’s light bulb allowed for practical light. (Extending work hours)
Steel – The Bessemer Process increased the use of steel (Railways, buildings & bridges)

5. Transportation

6. Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution
Transportation
Expansion or Railroads – encouraged by cheaper steel increased transportation of people & goods across the country.
Automobile – Ford’s assembly manufacturing made cars more affordable and popular

7. Communication

8. Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution
Communication
Telegraph – Communicating quickly across the country through typed messages
Telephone – Bell’s telephones allowed for faster communication.
Typewriter – allowed for business and news to travel faster

9. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil
Giants of Industry
John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil
Alexander G. Bell
Telephone

10. Giants of Industry & Monopolies
Many entrepreneurs formed businesses as corporations ( businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares)
Andrew Carnegie – Steel
John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Company
Alexander Graham Bell - Communication

11. Giants of Industry & Monopolies
Many U.S. citizens were concerned with these large companies started creating monopolies
Monopolies – total ownership of a product or service (controlling the prices)
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) made it illegal to created monopolies or trust that restrained trade but was extremely difficult to enforce.

12. The Impact – Working Conditions
The increase in production and the demand of new production lead to poor working conditions.
Small crowded work spaces
Increased injuries (unsafe work areas)
Poor air quality
Long hours
Low wages
No job security
Child Labor

13. Working Conditions

14. Child Labor

15. Child Labor

16. Unions
Workers began to organize and demand improvements in working conditions.
Labor Unions Wanted
8 Hour Work Days
Equal Pay for Equal Work
Safer working conditions
End Child Labor
Workers would come together and go on strikes (often led to violence)

17. Immigration in the United States
Ellis Island and Angel Island

18. Agenda
Compare and Contrast Ellis Island and Angel Island through poems, photographs, and individual stories

19. “Land of Opportunity” Job Opportunities American Ideals
Crowding in native countries
Religious Freedom
Political unrest in native countries
Promise of freedom
Reunite with family

20. Ellis Island
Europeans traveled to Ellis Island to be admitted into the United States.
Home to Lady Liberty, a sign of America when coming over on boats
Immigrants took a citizenship test and had a physical. Typically took 3-5 hrs but could take a day or so depending on paperwork.
12 million immigrated through Ellis Island between

22. Then and Now

25. The New Colossus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame
With conquering limbs astride from land to land
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning
and her name Mother of Exiles.
From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome;
her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips.
"Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
by Emma Lazarus, New York City, 1883

26. Angel Island Processed 1000s of Chinese Immigrants.
The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) made the process long & tedious.
Chinese without family members in the U.S. were not allowed to immigrate to the U.S. (relationship had to be proven).
Some would stay for days, weeks, or years in detention or awaiting deportation.
From , 100,000+ immigrated through Angel Island.

30. A Dormitory Wall Poem
Instead of remaining a citizen of China, I willingly became an ox I intended to come to America to earn a living. The western styled buildings are lofty; But I have not the luck to live in them. How was anyone to know That my dwelling place would be a prison? -Anonymous

31. Venn Diagram
In your groups, complete a Venn-diagram comparing and contrasting Ellis Island to Angel Island.
Take into consideration: discussion, pictures, poem, short stories, videos, etc.

32. Venn Diagram Angel Island Ellis Island
Europeans immigrated through here
It was a quick process: a matter of hrs or one day
Located in New York
Did not have to prove family relation to enter country
Angel Island
Chinese immigrated through here
Could be held for days, weeks, or even years
Located in California
Had to prove on paper the family ties one had in America
Gave physical exams before admittance
Gave tests of American knowledge
Allowed people into USA
On islands