1. The Crusades

2. Vocabulary
Crusades- A series of “Holy Wars” that were undertaken to recapture the Holy Land.

3. How did it begin? How long did it last?
Began in 1093 when the Byzantine Emperor wrote a letter read by Pope Urban II
The Pope then called for a “Holy War” against the Muslim Turks
How long did it last?
Over 200 Years

4. Who fought the Crusades?
Knights
Younger sons who would not inherit property
What were Crusaders promised?
If they died on the Crusade they were assured a place in heaven
What was their attire?
Tunics with red crosses on their chest

5. First Crusade Goal: To take back the Holy Land and Jerusalem 1096-1099
Result: Captured Jerusalem on July and a 650 mile stretch of land from Edessa (north) to Jerusalem (south)

6. Second Crusade Goal: Retake Edessa 1145-1187
Edessa was recaptured by the Muslim Turks in 1144
Result: Crusaders were defeated and shocked to find that Jerusalem had fallen to the Muslim leader Saladin

7. Third Crusade Goal: Recapture Jerusalem 1189-1192
Leader of Crusaders: King Richard The Lion Hearted of England
Result: King Richard was unable to recapture Jerusalem but he and Saladin agree to a truce
Muslims keep Jerusalem but Christians are free to visit the cities holy places

8. Fourth Crusade Goal: Retake Jerusalem 1202-1204
Result: Knights did not reach Holy Land and looted Constantinople instead

9. Spanish Crusade 1100-1492 Reconquista
Effort to drive Muslims out of Spain
The leaders of Spain (Ferdinand and Isabella) instituted a tribunal held by the Church called The Inquisition to eliminate Heresy
Jewish and Muslim converts were questioned & tortured to see if they held beliefs different from that of the Church

10. Causes of the Crusades Effect of the Crusades
Muslims controlled Holy Land and Christians wanted it
Pope’s power declined because of failure
Muslims Threaten Constantinople
Byzantine Emperor weakened because of looting of Constantinople
Byzantine Emperor looks to Pope for help…Pope starts first Crusade
Weakened feudal lords/nobility
Knights come to Pope’s aid (also saw opportunity to make $ and have adventure
Kings become stronger
Commercial Power- wanted to win control of key trade routes
Trade expanded between Europe & Middle East- Cities grow and become rich
Technology/knowledge brought back from Crusades
Muslims distrust Christians because of Crusaders

11. Closing
Are there any similarities between the Crusades and Islamic Jihad??