1.
The High Middle Ages

2. Learning Goals from Notes
Who controlled the Holy Land and what was their religion?
What pope asked the Byzantine Emperor to win back the Holy Land for the Christians and why?
What Crusade was the most successful?
Why would a Christian man want to join the Crusade, and how would this effect the European Feudal System.
Explain the way in which Jerusalem was divided after the First Crusade.
Who was massacred at the first Crusade?

3. State Standards F2- System of Human Organization
4.3.5 Western Europe to Explain the workings of feudalism, manorialism, and the growth of centralized monarchies and city-states in Europe
Roman Catholic Church impact on society
Trade lead to the growth of towns and cities
Role of the crusades
World Religions- territorial transformations and movements of world religions- expulsion of Muslims and Jews

4. Causes of the Crusades Seljuq Turks- Controlled Palestine
Jerusalem-Palestine – “The Holy Land”
Byzantine emperor calls on Pope Urban II
Christians were persecuted by Turks
Urban eager to take over this land
Calls a meeting in 1095
Church leaders and Feudal lords

5. Pope Urban II Urban asks lords to stop fighting amongst themselves.
They would wear the cross of Christ on their shoulder or back, and with one voice… cry out: “God wills it, God wills it, God wills it!”

6. The Crusaders Men tired of hopeless poverty Adventurers seeking action
The variety of motivations resulted in a varied assembly
Men tired of hopeless poverty
Adventurers seeking action
Merchants looking for new markets
Lords whose enlisting serfs had left them labor-less
Sincerely religious individuals wanting to rescue the land of Christ
Knights hoped to gain land and wealth

7. Duke Godfrey of Bouillon
The First Crusade
The more organized Crusaders, under the divided leadership of various feudal leaders, moved by various routes to Constantinople
There the Emperor Alexius gave them provisions and bribes
Alexius was somewhat afraid the Crusaders had designs on Constantinople as well as Jerusalem
Duke Godfrey of Bouillon

8. The First Crusade
The First Crusaders met an even more divided Muslim force and won victories at Nicea and Antioch
After a three year campaign, 12,000 of the original 30,000 Crusaders reached Jerusalem.
Siege of Antioch

9. The First Crusade
On July 15 the Crusaders went over the city walls and unleashed unbridled carnage
Blood reportedly ran knee-deep
70,000 Muslims were slaughtered
Jews were herded into a synagogue and burned alive

10. The First Crusade
Crusaders set up European feudalism
4 small states
Divided land into fiefs
Lord and Vassals
Europeans adopted Muslim customs
Cultural Diffusion

11. The Second Crusade This time the Muslims were ready
At Dorylaeum, the Germans were defeated so badly that barely one in ten Christians survived
At Attalia, nearly every Frenchman was slaughtered
Eventually the Crusaders joined forces and lay siege to Damascus, but were soundly defeated

12. The Second Crusade
News of the defeat of the Second Crusade shocked Europe
Christians wondered how God could allow them to be so humiliated by the infidel
Bernard explained that the defeat must be punishment for sins
Enthusiasm for the Crusades waned rapidly

13. Saladin The Third Crusade
Signed a four-year truce with the Latin kingdom but the Christians violated it by attacking a Muslim caravan and capturing Saladin’s sister
He declared a holy war against the Christians and captured Jerusalem in 1187

14. The Third Crusade
Holy Roman Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa, King Phillip of France, and King Richard of England.
Led separate armies
Barbarossa drowned- men leave
Phillip and Richard fight
Phillip goes home and takes over English land in France

15. The fourth Crusade Pope Innocent II- Gathers Knights
Leave Venice o attack Zadar
It was a Christian city
Crusaders were Excommunicated
Crusaders attacked and pillaged Constantinople
Turks seized Constantinople

16. Results of the Crusades
Europeans gained new weapons
Crossbow
Catapults
Use of gunpowder
Chemical warfare

17. Results of the Crusades
Some lords had sold their land
Without land, they had no power in the feudal system
The power of European kings grew stronger
Kings placed new taxes and led armies drawn from their entire country.