1. Welcome Back Geologists!
Sedimentary rocks 101

2. Sedimentary rock forms at or near the earth’s surface

3. Formation
Processes that help form sedimentary rock include: weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, & cementation

4. Weathering
The process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical or chemical processes

5. Erosion
The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another.

6. Deposition The process in which material is laid down or rock.
Sediment settles out of water or wind carrying it during deposition.

7. Compaction
The process by which sediments are pressed or squeezed together

8. Cementation
The process in which sediments are glued or stick together after minerals crystallize

9. Arrangement of Sedimentary Rocks
Strata
Layers of rock

10. Clastic
Chemical
Organic
Types of Sedimentary Rock

11. Made of fragments of rocks cemented (glued) together by a mineral
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
Made of fragments of rocks cemented (glued) together by a mineral

12. Conglomerate
A type of clastic sedimentary rock
Coarse-grained

13. Shale
Another type of sedimentary rock
Fine-grained

14. Chemical Sedimentary Rock
Forms from solutions of dissolved minerals and water
Example: Na + Cl = Halite

15. Organic Sedimentary Rock
Forms from the remains of once-living plants and animals.

16. Examples of Organic Sedimentary Rock:
Fossiliferous Limestone
Coal

18. Sedimentary Rock Structures
One noticeable feature of most sedimentary rocks is stratification.
Stratification is the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.
Ripple marks, mud cracks, and rain drop impressions are all examples of sedimentary rock structures

19. Ripple Marks
Shows the motion of wind and water waves on lakes, oceans, rivers, and sand dunes.

20. Mud Cracks
Mud cracks form when sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to the air and then dry out.

21. Rain drop impressions
When raindrops hit soft or fine-grained sediment, once the sediment dries you can see visible holes that are left behind (the raindrop impressions).

22. Uses of Sedimentary Rock
Sandstone has been used as building materials because it is soft enough to cut easily into blocks or slabs.
Limestone is used in making cement.

23. How much do you know? 1. what processes help form sedimentary rocks?
2. What does strata mean?
3. What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?
4. What are two examples of sedimentary rocks?
5. How can sedimentary rocks be used in the real world?

24. http://www. slideshare