1. Structural Drawing
Chapter 19

2. Objectives Create a structural truss or floor plan drawing
Label and specify the size and shape of steel structural members
Identify, draw, and label various structural steel shapes

3. Objectives (cont.)
Identify, draw, and label high-strength bolts used in structural joints
Identify welding symbols used in steel fabrication of structural components
Identify and read concrete and brick construction details

4. Structural Drawings Structural drawings include: Foundation plans
Wall sections and framing details
Structural steel framing and details
Beam and column drawings and details

5. Wood Construction
Many different types of wood are used as structural timber
The surface of a wood product is finished by milling or planing
Due to wood loss in surfacing, nominal size is larger than dressed thickness
Symbols are used to indicate requirements for finished surfaces on wood

6. Wood Joints

7. Connector Designs

8. Structural Steel
Structural steel drawings are ordinarily one of two types:
Engineering design drawings
Manufacturing (shop) drawings

9. Structural Steel
Engineering design drawings show the overall dimensions of the structure including:
Locations of columns, beams, angles and other shapes
Sizes of structural members
Detail in the form of cross sections, special connections required, and notes

10. Structural Steel

11. Structural Steel
Shop drawings consist of detail drawings of all parts of the entire structure showing exactly how the parts are to be made
These drawings show all dimensions necessary for fabrication, usually calculated to the nearest 1/16”

12. Piece Marks
A system is used to mark each piece that is separately handled
This mark is called a piece mark and should be shown wherever the member appears on the drawings

13. Piece Marks

14. Structural Steel Shapes
Structural steel is available in many standard shapes
Most CAD programs have structural shapes symbol libraries available

15. Structural Steel Shapes

16. Erection Plans
Erection plans made by the steel fabricator are assembly drawings for the steel structure

17. Erection Plans

18. Connections
Main members are joined together in the field to build a structure and most joints are welded connections to the main members
Riveting is seldom used as a connection but you may find reference to riveted joints in original plans

19. Connections
AISC recommends certain standard connections for attaching beams
You should know the strength of the various connections and use them only when they are sufficient

20. Welding
Welding is a common method for connecting steel members of buildings and bridges
The fillet weld is the most common in structural steel fabrication

21. Welded Beam Detail

22. High-Strength Bolting for Structural Joints
Two common types of high-strength steel bolts are ASTM A325 and A490

23. Accuracy in Dimensions
Incorrect dimensions on drawings will result in serious errors and misfits when members are assembled in the field
Consider the effect of tolerance stacking on the fit of steel members

24. Concrete Construction
Concrete is made by mixing sand, gravel, or other aggregates with Portland cement and water
Reinforced concrete has embedded steel reinforcing bars
In prestressed concrete, the steel is pretensioned before the superimposed load is applied

25. Reinforced Concrete Drawings

26. Structural Clay Products
Brick and tile are some of the best known forms of building construction
Traditionally they are built into masonry forms and units are placed one at a time in a soft mortar

27. Stone Construction
Natural stone is also used in masonry construction, most commonly for ornamental facing

28. Laying and Bonding Brick, Tile and Stone