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C1 REVISION – CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS
Draw the symbol for sodium include its atomic mass and atomic number (what do they tell us) What are the charges and masses of electrons, protons and neutrons Write down all you know about the periodic table Balance the following equation: Ca CaO Cl Al AlCl3 How many atoms and elements are there is: C2H5OH ? Where are electrons and neutrons and protons found in an atom? Describe how sodium and chlorine bond; Draw the electronic configuration for argon What is covalent bonding? KEY WORDS: Electron Proton Neutron Shell Electronic Configuration Orbit ASSESSMENT:
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C1 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – ROCKS & BUILDING MATERIALS
What is the scientific name AND chemical formula for limestone? What is thermal decomposition? Write the word and symbol equation for the thermal decomposition of limestone What is cement? What is concrete? What are the benefits and drawbacks to limestone quarrying? What is produced when a carbonate reacts with an acid? BENEFITS DRAWBACKS Complete the limestone reaction cycle: Calcium Carbonate Heat Add CO2 Add water Add more water & filter KEY WORDS: CALCIUM CARBONATE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION CONCRETE CEMENT QUARRYING LIMESTONE LIMEWATER ASSESSMENT: 2
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C1 REVISION – CHAPTER 3 – METALS & THEIR USES
Put these metals in their order of reactivity Carbon, Magnesium, Copper, Iron & Potassium Less reactive metals are displaced by carbon. Complete the equation below and then make your own one: Copper Oxide Carbon _______________ + _______________ Explain a bit about each of the ways to extract copper: Smelting: Displacement: Bioleaching Phytomining What is an ore? How is iron extracted? What is an alloy? Name 2 alloys: Give 2 use AND properties of: Aluminium Titanium KEY WORDS: DISPLACEMENT ORE BLAST FURNACE ALLOY SMELTING BIOLEACHING PHYTOMINING ASSESSMENT: 3
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C1 REVISION – CHAPTER 4 – CRUDE OIL & FUELS
Name the process by which we separate crude oil into useful components: What property does this process rely on? What does ‘saturated’ mean? Give a problem each pollutant causes: Carbon Dioxide Sulphur Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxide Particulates Give the benefits and drawbacks of each alternative fuel BENEFITS DRAWBACKS BIODIESEL (more detail required for this one!) ETHANOL HYDROGEN Complete the table to summarise alkanes and alkenes: ALKANES ALKENES Saturated or unsaturated General formula Name an example Draw an example KEY WORDS: ALKANE ALKENE SATURATED FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL POLLUTANT COMBUSTION ASSESSMENT: 4
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C1 REVISION – CHAPTER 5 – PRODUCTS FROM OIL
What does ‘cracking’ mean? What happens to the following when added to Bromine water: i) Alkanes ii) Alkenes What is ‘polymerisation’? Draw a diagram to demonstrate it: List 3 problems with plastics: How are biodegradable plastics made? What are the problems with them? Describe how 2 designer polymers work: Explain the 2 ways ethanol can be produced: KEY WORDS: CRACKING POLYMERISATION PLASTIC POLYMER MONOMER FERMENTATION BIODEGRADABLE ASSESSMENT: 5
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C1 REVISION – CHAPTER 6 – PLANT OILS
What is the equation for photosynthesis? Describe the 2 ways to extract plant oils: Pressing Distillation What do emulsifiers do? Name 2 products that need emulsifiers in them Name 2 products that ARE emulsifiers Complete the diagram to demonstrate emulsification: Water What does hydrophobic mean? What does hydrophilic mean? Use the diagram to explain how oils are hardened into spreads (hydrogenation) Oil + Conditions required: KEY WORDS: PRESSING DISTILLATIOON HARDENING HYDROGENATION EMULSIFIER HYDROPHOBIC HYDROPHILIC ASSESSMENT: Explain what is happening: 6
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C1 REVISION – CHAPTER 7 – OUR CHANGING PLANET
What are the layers of the Earth? Complete the table to show the atmosphere of Earth today What is continental drift? What causes the motion of the plates? What happens at plate boundaries How did life on Earth possibly start? Use the headings below to help you. Miller-Urey Experiment: Meteorites Deep Sea Vents Gas % Others (inc. Argon) What was Earth’s atmosphere like in the past? Explain how it changed to contain oxygen What is the carbon cycle? Why have carbon levels been increasing? KEY WORDS: ATMOSPHERE CARBON CYCLE MANTLE CRUST CORE MILLER-UREY ASSESSMENT: 7
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C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 1 – STRUCTURES & BONDING
Draw the symbol for sodium include its mass number and atomic number (what do they tell us) Complete the table Use pictures and words to describe each type of bonding: Ionic Covalent Metallic Relative Charge Relative Mass Proton Neutron Electron Fill in the table to show the number of electrons that can fit into the shell Draw and write the electronic configuration for: Sodium Argon Shell Max. Electrons 1 2 3 What happens to the shells as you: Go across a period Go down a group KEY WORDS: Electron Proton Neutron Shell Electronic Configuration Covalent/Ionic/Metallic ASSESSMENT:
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C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – STRUCTURES & PROPERTIES
IONIC COMPOUNDS What type of force holds the ions together? Draw a giant ionic lattice: Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points? Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water? SIMPLE COVALENT MOLECULES How strong are the forces between covalent molecules? [intermolecular forces] How does this affect their melting and boiling point How strong are the forces between atoms in a covalent bond? [intramolecular bonds] GIANT METALLIC SUBSTANCES Why can metals be bent and shaped? What are delocalised electrons? Why do metals conduct electricity? GIANT COVALENT SUBSTANCES Name 3 of these substances: Why is graphite slippery and conduct electricity KEY WORDS: Diamond Graphite Intermolecular Intramolecular Delocalised ASSESSMENT: 10
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C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 3 – HOW MUCH?
Write how many there are in: Na11 Electrons: Protons: Neutrons: What is an isotope? What is Ar? What is Mr? What is the Mr of C2H5OH? What is a mole? Balance the equation and say how many moles of each substance there are: H O2 H2O What is percentage yield and what is the equation to calculate it? What is atom economy and what is the equation to calculate it? What is the symbol for a reversible reaction? Explain what happens after we add just reactants to a reversible reaction? [HIGHER TIER] 23 What is the Haber process? What are the raw materials? What is the reaction equation? What conditions are required? KEY WORDS: Reversible Haber Process Relative Atomic Mass Relative Formula Mass Isotope Moles ASSESSMENT: 11
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C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 4 – RATES OF REACTION
What do we mean by ‘rate of reaction’? What 4 factors affect the rate of a reaction? What must happen for a reaction to occur? What is the smallest amount of energy that must be overcome for a reaction to occur? How does surface area affect rate of reaction? Explain the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction [think about: kinetic energy & number of collisions] Draw diagrams to represent it: Explain the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction Draw diagrams to represent it? Low concn High concn What do catalysts do? What happens to them during a reaction? Low temp High temp KEY WORDS: Collision Theory Catalyst Activation Energy Rate of Reaction Concentration Temperature ASSESSMENT: 12
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C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 5 – ENERGY & REACTIONS
What are exothermic reactions? Give an example and explain why it is exothermic? What are endothermic reactions? Give an example and explain why it is endothermic If a reaction is exothermic how can we increase yield? Why do we settle for a higher than expected temperature in the Haber process? If a reaction produces a smaller volume of gases how can we increase yield? Why do we have to compromise with a lower than expected pressure in the Haber process What can you say about energy in a reversible reaction? [Think: exo and endothermic] Describe the anhydrous copper sulphate reversible reaction What can anhydrous copper sulphate be used to test for? KEY WORDS: Collision Theory Catalyst Activation Energy Rate of Reaction Concentration Temperature ASSESSMENT: 13
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C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 6 – ELECTROLYSIS
What is electrolysis? What do we call the substance that is broken down during electrolysis What is the positive electrode called? What is the negative electrode called? Label a diagram showing the electrolysis of copper bromide What ions are formed? How is the electrolysis of copper different? [Draw a diagram to help] What 3 products are made when we electrolyse brine? Give a use for each? What does OILRIG stand for? Describe the movement of ions and electrons at each electrode when potassium iodide is electrolysed What happens when we carry out electrolysis in water? KEY WORDS: Electrolysis Cathode Anode Oxidation Reduction ASSESSMENT: 14
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C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 7 – ACIDS, ALKALIS & SALTS
What is a base? What is an alkali What ions make something acidic? What is another name for an acid? P__________ D__________ What ions make something alkali? What is the pH scale? What is produced when an acid and a metal react? Acid + Metal Give a specific example: What is produced when an acid and an alkali react? Acid Alkali What type of reaction is this called? How can this reaction be simplified using just the ions involved? What is a precipitation reaction? How can we make ammonium hydroxide? What happens when we add nitric acid to it? What is produced when an acid and a base react? Acid + Base Give a specific example: Describe 2 uses for acids and alkalis in the ‘real world’ KEY WORDS: Acid Base Alkali pH scale Indicator Precipitate ASSESSMENT: 15
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