1. Let’s break it up into North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa

3. NORTH AFRICA

5. NORTH AFRICA Just assume everything is the same as the Middle East.
NOTE: DON’T ASSUME THAT YOU CAN TALK ABOUT NORTH AFRICA IF THE ESSAY PROMPT SAYS THE MIDDLE EAST. It will specify North Africa
NOTE 2.0: the “Mediterranean” includes North Africa

6. NORTH AFRICA Modern and Late Modern Eras:
Muhammad Ali, Egypt, nationalism, 19th century
League of Arab States
Post WWII
Gamel Nasser, Suez Canal, nationalism
Algeria – violent revolution from France

7. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

8. FOUNDATIONAL ERA (8000BCE-600CE)
Bantu migrations spread language, agriculture, and tools to sub-Saharan Africa
Egypt (which is technically North Africa) is the main civilization right now, until they get taken over by the Hyksos. They’re influencing the other civilizations in Northern Africa, like Nubia and Cush
Ghana becomes the most important Sudanic state ( CE)

9. POSTCLASSICAL ERA (600-1450) Islam in Africa! Spread peacefully
SWAHILI STATES
Rival city-states competing for power on the eastern coast of Africa
Major trading cities = Zanzibar, Mombasa, Kilwa
Swahili = blend of Bantu and Arabic (so that Africans could learn to speak with Muslims, whom they were trading with!)

10. POSTCLASSICAL ERA (600-1450) Islam in Africa! Spread peacefully
SWAHILI STATES
Rival city-states competing for power on the eastern coast of Africa
Major trading cities = Zanzibar, Mombasa, Kilwa
Swahili = blend of Bantu and Arabic (so that Africans could learn to speak with Muslims, whom they were trading with!)
MALI
Sundiata founds in the 1200s
Mansa Musa – who makes his Hajj in the 1300s
Great Zimbabwe
Stone
Ethiopia
Becomes Christian; everyone else is either animistic or Islamic
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

11. POSTCLASSICAL ERA ( )
Analyze how political transformations contributed to continuities and changes in the cultures of the Mediterranean region during the period 200 CE to 1000 CE.
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

12. POSTCLASSICAL ERA ( )
Describe and analyze the cultural, economic, and political impact of Islam on ONE of the following regions between 1000 CE and 1750 CE. Be sure to discuss continuities as well as changes.
West Africa
South Asia
Europe
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

13. POSTCLASSICAL ERA ( )
Analyze similarities and differences in the rise of TWO of the following empires.
A West African Sudanic empire (Mali OR Ghana OR Songhay)
The Aztec Empire
The Mongol Empire
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

14. POSTCLASSICAL ERA ( )
Analyze similarities and differences in how TWO of the following empires used religion to govern before 1450.
Byzantine Empire
Islamic Caliphates
Mauryan/Gupta Empires
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

15. EARLY MODERN ERA (1450-1750) Slavery. Slavery everywhere.
Demographic changes!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Like???
Environmental changes, too!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Like???
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

16. EARLY MODERN ERA ( )
Compare demographic and environmental effects of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas with the Columbian Exchange’s demographic and environmental effects on ONE of the following regions between 1492 and 1750.
Africa
Asia
Europe
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

17. EARLY MODERN ERA ( )
Describe and explain continuities and changes in religious beliefs and practices in ONE of the following regions from 1450 to the present. Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America/Caribbean
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

18. MODERN ERA (1750-1900) Imperialism White Man’s Burden
Everything is awful
Slavery ends, though! Brazil outlaws it in 1888.
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

19. MODERN ERA ( )
Analyze the changes and continuities in labor systems between 1750 and 1914 in ONE of the following areas. In your analysis, be sure to discuss the causes of the changes and the reasons for the continuities.
Latin America and the Caribbean
Russia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

20. MODERN ERA ( )
Compare the emergence of nation-states in nineteenth-century Latin America with the emergence of nation-states in ONE of the following regions in the twentieth century.
Sub-Saharan Africa
The Middle East
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

21. MODERN ERA ( )
Analyze changes and continuities in long-distance migrations in the period from 1700 to Be sure to include specific examples from at least TWO different world regions.
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

22. LATE MODERN ERA (1900-present)
Imperialism still – and everything is still awful
AND THEN – DECOLONIZATION POST WWII
Rise of nationalism – All African People’s Congress, Pan African Congress
Kenya – Jomo Kenyatta; violent
Congo – Violent (from Belgium)
Rwanda – violent (from Belgium)
Ghana/Gold Coast – Kwame Nkrumah, nonviolent (from Britain)
South Africa – Nelson Mandela; non-violent, mostly, then apartheid
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

23. LATE MODERN ERA (1900-present)
Slow movement toward industrialization
Lots of governmental corruption prevents that
Also, you know, the whole history of ‘let’s take all your resources and everything from your land and leave you with nothing’ thing
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

24. LATE MODERN ERA (1900-present)
Analyze major changes and continuities in the formational of national identities in ONE of the regions listed below from 1914 to the present. Be sure to include evidence from specific countries in the region selected.
Middle East
Southeast Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Syncretism = the combination and blending of different religions and cultures and are

25. THINGS YOU CAN ASSUME CONTINUITIES CHANGES Patriarchy
Very involved in Indian Ocean trade
Islam (some animism; some Christianity)
Abundant natural resources
CHANGES
Islam in Africa – 600 on
Europe took over; imperialism
Independence and lots and lots and lots of conflict due to ethnic disputes