1. Renaissance: Means rebirth, revival in learning and arts
Educated men and women wanted to bring back classical culture of ancient Greece and Rome
Led to new values, such as emphasis on the individual (meaning focus on yourself)

2. City-States Crusades led to large city-states developing in N. Italy
Became urban, while rest of Europe was mainly rural
Place where many different people exchanged ideas and was breeding ground for intellectual revolution

3. Merchant Class Made lots and lots of money (wealthy)
Several merchants go into politics for the interest of their $$$ (the Medici Family)
How are merchants making so much $$$$$????

4. TRADE!!!!!

5. Classical Values
Humanism: intellectual movement focused on human potential + achievements
Influenced artists + architects to carry on classical traditions (ancient Greece + Rome)
Popularized study of humanities (history, lit. + philosophy)

6. Humanists believed people could enjoy life w/o offending God
Wealthy started enjoying luxuries, good music + fine foods
Society more secular (separate from religion) – worldly, instead of spiritual. Worried about the here & now

7. Printing Press Johann Gutenberg invents printing press 1440s
Allowed printer to produce hundreds of copies of single book
Books now cheaper and more available

8. More people are now able to read w/ more access to books!!!

9. Renaissance Man/Woman
All educated men should create art and excel in many fields, becoming “Renaissance Man”
Women should know classic studies
Inspire art, but not create it
Had little influence in politics

10. Renaissance Art
Artists were sponsored by patrons, so they could focus solely on their art, not working other jobs
Perspective Technique: shows three dimensions on flat surfaces (3D)
Artists made people more realistic in their projects (Michelangelo was famous for this)
Donatello made sculptures from realistic positions w/ expressions

12. Donatello’s St. Mark

13. Michelangelo + Sistine Chapel
Video: 5:55 Discovery Ed.

14. Raphael + The Entombment

15. Leonardo da Vinci + Mona Lisa
True “Renaissance Man” because he painted, learned + invented gadgets (flying machines)

16. Not to be confused with…

17. Machiavelli
Political advisor wrote The Prince about how a ruler should rule. They should be strong as lion, shrew as fox
Machiavelli not concerned w/ morally right, but w/ political power
Effective leader has to mislead his people + opponents for kingdom’s own good