1. Low Income in Quebec: No matter how you slice it,anglophones fare worse than francophones
Jack Jedwab, President
Association for Canadian Studies
decembeR

2. Quebec Government Introduces Anti-Poverty plan
Over the weekend of December 9th, 2017, the Quebec government unveiled a $3 billion anti- poverty plan that aimed to raise 100,000 Quebecers out of poverty by Referring to the plan as “first steps towards establishing a basic income,” the government announced measures that it said would help people who have been unable to obtain employment do so.

3. Low Income: Mother Tongue Anglos higher rates of LICO and LIM than francophones
Quebec
Total - Mother tongue
English
French
Non-official languages
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)
14.6
15.9
13.0
22.9
0 to 17 years (%)
14.1
15.5
11.8
28.0
18 to 64 years (%)
13.7
16.0
21.7
65 years and over (%)
18.9
16.1
18.5
22.7
Quebec
Total - Mother tongue
English
French
Non-official languages
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)
9.2
11.7
7.4
17.2
0 to 17 years (%)
8.2
10.1
6.0
20.8
18 to 64 years (%)
10.2
13.2
8.4
65 years and over (%)
6.6
7.6
5.6
13.1

4. Low Income: First Official Language Quebec Anglos higher rates of LICO and LIM
Quebec , First official language spoken, Quebec
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)
Total
English
French
Total -
14.6
17.9
13.8
9.2
13.5
8.2
0 to 17 years (%)
14.1
16.3
13.1
11.0
7.2
18 to 64 years (%)
13.7
18.3
12.6
10.2
15.2
9.1
65 years and over (%)
18.9
17.6
18.8
6.6
8.7
6.0

5. Across regions of Quebec, Anglophones more likely than francophones to encounter situation of low income though allophones highest
2016 Census: Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) Mother Tongue
English
French
Non-official languages
Rimouski
6.7
6.1
16.5
Saguenay
6.3
5.9
14.8
Québec City
12.6
7.6
18.8
Sherbrooke
11.0
7.5
24.2
Trois-Rivières
7.8
8.3
24.7
Drummondville
8.8
6.9
21.7
Granby
7.9
5.8
12.8
Sorel-Tracy
17.2
8.4
14.4
Montréal
12.7
9.6
17.4
Rouyn-Noranda
4.8
16.1
Gatineau
9.8

6. Low income gap remains wide between VM and non-VM with VM rate highest in Montreal
25 to 54 years Low-income indi: Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) Prevalence of low income (%)
Canada
Montreal
Ottawa
Toronto
Calgary
Edmonton
Vancouver
Total - Visible minority
12.3
13.7
10.4
14.2
7.5
7.7
14.8
Total visible minority population
18.3
23.2
19.3
18.2
10.3
11.0
19.0
South Asian
15.2
22.5
13.1
16.6
10.1
9.5
11.2
Chinese
19.9
25.4
13.6
18.1
8.1
9.1
23.9
Black
20.5
21.0
23.5
20.7
15.4
17.0
21.9
Filipino
6.5
12.7
8.3
6.8
4.0
3.7
7.0
Latin American
17.1
17.9
10.8
Arab
32.4
29.3
33.9
32.8
26.5
27.0
40.4
Southeast Asian
14.7
15.1
12.6
16.4
6.3
17.8
West Asian
32.1
36.9
22.9
34.9
16.9
20.8
31.7
Korean
34.5
21.7
27.3
18.6
Japanese
13.2
20.1
7.4
6.0
7.6
15.0
Not a visible minority
10.6
9.7
10.5

7. Immigrants fare worse in Montreal than elsewhere across spectrum of low income dimensions
Prevalence of low income (%)
25 to 54 years 
Immigrants
Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)
Low-income measure, before tax (LIM-BT)
Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)
Low-income cut-offs, before tax (LICO-BT)
Canada
17.1
20.5
13.1
17.4
Montréal
20.8
26.2
16.4
22.0
Ottawa
20.4
13.8
18.0
Toronto
17.8
21.5
14.5
19.4
Calgary
10.0
11.9
8.9
11.5
Edmonton
10.4
12.4
8.6
11.7
Vancouver
18.7
20.9
15.1

8. Province’s Anglophones have higher unemployment rate than Quebec francophones in 2016
18 years and over
2016 Census: Unemployment rate
Total - Mother tongue
English
French
Non-official languages
Quebec Province
7.0
8.2
6.2
9.9
Saguenay
6.8
8.1
11.8
Québec
4.4
4.2
Sherbrooke
6.3
6.1
5.9
12.4
Montréal
7.2
8.0
6.0
9.7
Gatineau
6.4
5.4
9.8

9. The Aging of Quebec Anglophones
English MT 2016
Average age
Alma
54.3
Rivière-du-Loup
50.5
Matane
50.4
Rouyn-Noranda
48.2
Sorel-Tracy
47.9
Lachute
47.6
Hawkesbury
46.9
Shawinigan
46.2
45.8
Baie-Comeau
45.7
Trois-Rivières
Granby
45.2

10. Under 45 years of age English Mother Tongue 2016 Average Age
Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
44.5
Rimouski
44.2
Joliette
Sherbrooke
43.6
Drummondville
43.5
Thetford Mines
43.4
Québec
43.0
Sept-Îles
42.8
Victoriaville
42.7
Saint-Hyacinthe
42.3
Cowansville
41.9
Val-d'Or
41.6
Cornwall
41.2
Saguenay
41.1
Saint-Georges
Montréal
40.4
Gatineau
38.7
Sainte-Marie
37.2
Dolbeau-Mistassini
30.1

11. Definition of language groups: First Official Language Spoken, Mother Tongue and Language spoken most often at home
This variable of first official language spoken was derived within the framework of the application of the Official Languages Act.
This derivation method is described in the regulations concerning the use of official languages for the provision of public services. It takes into account, first, the knowledge of the two official languages, second, the mother tongue, and third, the home language.
People who can conduct a conversation in French only are assigned French as their first official language spoken. People who can carry on a conversation in English only are assigned English as their first official language spoken. The responses to questions on mother tongue (language first learned and still understood) and language spoken most often at home are subsequently used to establish the first official language spoken by people who speak both English and French, or who cannot speak either of the two official languages. The French category includes people who have French only or French and at least one non-official language as their mother tongue. People who have English only or English and at least one non-official language as their mother tongue are included in the English category. For cases that have not yet been classified, people are assigned to the French category when they speak French only or French and at least one non-official language as their language spoken most often at home. The procedure is the same for English. Thus, the population is classified into two principal categories: English or French. It is necessary to add two residual categories for people who cannot be classified in accordance with the information available: English and French and neither English nor French.

12. English population of Quebec can vary by as much 500 000 depending on criteria
Quebec 2016 numbers and percentage of total Quebec population in brackets
Mother Tongue
Language Spoken at Home
First Official Language Spoken
English
(7.5%)
(9.7%)
(12%)
English and French
(3.5%)
Total English by FOLS

13. One in four MT Anglophones under 17 identify as Visible minority by contrast less than one in ten do so over 65
Quebec 2016 English Mother Tongue
Total - Age group
years
years
18 years and over
55 years and over
65 years and over
Total -
598050
130625
173410
467425
174035
95580
Total visible minority population
98610
33090
34775
65525
15490
8850
South Asian
14360
4270
5540
10090
2330
1250
Chinese
7820
2710
3220
5115
765
345
Black
45760
13555
14395
32205
9670
5875
Filipino
9925
4815
3415
5110
640
295
Not a visible minority
499435
97535
138630
401895
158540
86740

14. Over one in four First official language spoken anglophones are immigrants (28%)
Quebec 2016 English
Mother Tongue
Langauge spoken most often at home
FOLS
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration
598050
709410
960110
Non-immigrants
518310
554710
660570
Immigrants
71760 (12%)
(20%)
(28%)
Before 1981
31170
62230
90290
1981 to 1990
9170
17975
32890
1991 to 2000
9405
20930
48120
2001 to 2010
12945
24790
59070
2001 to 2005
5360
11190
27410
2006 to 2010
7580
13600
31660
2011 to 2016
9075
14995
39635
Non-permanent residents
7980
13770
29535