1. EEE3112 Introduction to Multimedia Application & Technology Chapter 3: Video Development by Muhazam Mustapha, October 2012

2. Learning Outcome
By the end of this chapter, students are expected to be ready to demonstrate the required skills for CO3:
Basic Theory on Digital Video
Basic Theory on Digital Video Format
Basic Theory on Digital Video Media
Develop Digital Video on a Given Platform

3. Chapter Content Digital Video Formats Media Adobe Premiere CS4
Workspace
Editing Concepts
Video transition

4. Digital Video

5. Video
Video is the technology of capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion of timeline
In the old times the process is more optical, but now it is more electronics
This technology has evolved considerably in the late 19th century throughout 20th century in term of its media and transmission
Late 19th century: Film reel
Mid 20th century: Video tape
Late 20th century: Optical discs

6. Analog Video
Film is a sequence of optically captured frames over a fixed time interval
It is the most fundamental kind of analog video where the frames are stored as a whole
Next inline is the VHS (Video Home System) that also stored video information in analog format

7. Video Transmission
Tele-video or tele-vision is the process of viewing the video from a remote location
Later the word just becomes television or TV
Television, in term of process, is the way the information of pixels in video frames are transmitted line-by-line
Later VHS and optical discs use the same transmission scheme to store the video information
In the of device, television is the hardware that provides remote viewing of video information

8. Analog Video Waveform Vertical Sync Horizontal Scanning
Horizontal Sync

9. Analog to Digital Transition
Chronology
Time
Technology
Late 19th century
Silent movie - Film
Early Mid 20th century
Sound movie – Film and TV
Mid 20th century
Color Film & TV
Late 20th century
CD/DVD media & satellite transmission
21st century
IPTV, Internet streaming, 3D movies
Analog
Digital

10. Analog to Digital Transition
Format and Media
Media
Format
Film
No strong standardization – only by physical dimension
VHS, Television, Laser Discs (LD)
PAL, NTSC, SECAM, etc
VCD
MPEG 1
DVD, Blu-ray, satellite TV
MPEG 2, MPEG 4
IPTV, Internet streaming
MPEG 4
Analog
Digital

11. Formats

12. Digital Video Format There are 2 competing groups
MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) – standardized formats under ISO/IEC
MPEG 1 – ISO/IEC 11172
MPEG 2 – ISO/IEC 13818
MPEG 4 – ISO/IEC 14496
VCEG (Visual Coding Experts Group) – under ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication)
H.26x: H.261, H.263, H.264 – producing standards similar to (overlapping with) MPEG

13. MPEG 1 ISO/IEC 11172 Standard Meant for VHS quality video
Only 2-channel audio (stereo)
Transmission rate up 1.5MBit/s
Video compression up to 26:1
Audio compression up to 6:1
The format for Video CD (compact disc) is mostly in MPEG 1
File format: .MPG (.DAT for VCD)

14. MPEG 2 ISO/IEC 13818 Standard Meant for TV and HDTV quality video
Support all that of MPEG1 and more
Support multiple video angles
Support stereo, 5.1 surround sound and more, and multiple sound track
Support for interlaced video – alternate odd & even line scanning
Support for menu, subtitle and chaptering
The common format for DVD video and satellite TV
File format: .VOB (DVD video)

15. MPEG 4
ISO/IEC Standard
Meant for streaming: internet, IPTV, mobile
Support all that of MPEG1 & 2, with much better compression – as well as 3D movies
The most common format for Blu-ray video internet streaming
Most of current commercial video formats support up to MPEG 4: .MP4, .MOV, QuickTime, DIVX, XVID, .MKV, .FLV, etc

16. Digital Video File Player
For our class, you are expected to explore yourselves the numerous players available for playing various video formats
The most common of them are:
Windows Media Player, DivX Player, QuickTime, RealPlayer, VLC, etc
Please Google for yourselves these keywords and explore:
“List of video file player”, or others

17. Video Format Converter
Digital video formats, being 1-s and 0-s, are easily converted to each other
For our class, you are also expected to explore yourselves the numerous converters available for converting between various formats
Most video editors can export to many formats:
Adobe has Premiere and After Effect that can export to many formats, while also has a standalone converter called Media Encoder
Please Google for yourselves these keywords and explore:
“List of video converter”, or others

18. Media

19. Digital Tape & Laser Disc
Even though VHS is analog, digital video (DV) tape was the first to store video information in digital format
It was used in some digital video camera
Even though optical in nature, laser disc (LD) however, is not digital but analog
Data in it is kept as analog format like NTSC, SECAM, PAL, etc
Being bulky in size, LD has almost been phased out completely, while DV tape is still in use due to its robustness and small in size

20. Compact Disc (CD)
Video stored in CD is called video CD (VCD) – mostly MPEG1 – SVCD is MPEG2 in CD
Average movie length would require 2 CD-s to store the entire movie
Data size: 650~700 Mbytes
Read/Write-ability:
CD-ROM – factory writable
CD-R – one time writable
CD-RW – erasable and ReWritable

21. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
The first optical medium that is big enough to contain entire movie with multiple sound track, menus and subtitle
Data size ranges 1.5~17GByte, but the most common are 4.7GByte (single layer, SL) and 8.5GByte (dual layer, DL)
Read/Write-ability:
DVD-ROM SL/DL – factory writable
DVD±R SL/DL – one time writable, different in material
DVD±RW SL/DL – erasable and ReWritable
DVD-RAM – DVD media on concentric structure like harddisk (not spiral like other optical media)

22. Blu-ray Disc (BD)
The first optical medium that is big enough to contain an entire 3D and HD movie
Higher density (at least 4×) is possible due to blue laser that is around half shorter in wavelength
Data size 25GByte (SL) and 50GByte (DL)
Read/Write-ability similar to CD and DVD:
BD (factory), BDR (one time), BDRE (recordable and erasable)

23. MPEG 4
ISO/IEC Standard
Meant for streaming: internet, IPTV, mobile
Support all that of MPEG1 & 2, with much better compression
The most common format for Blu-ray video internet streaming
Most of current commercial video formats support up to MPEG 4: .MP4, QuickTime, DIVX, XVID, .MKV, etc