1. Aim What is an Enzyme?

2. 1. What are the building blocks of proteins. 2
1. What are the building blocks of proteins? 2. What determines the shape of a protein? 3. What determines the function of a protein?

3. Enzymes
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in a cell

4. Enzyme are also called Catalysts
Biological catalyst
Biochemical catalyst

5. List some reactions in a cells that require an enzyme to occur
List some reactions in a cells that require an enzyme to occur. To help with your list , write some of the organelles that are in a cell and think about what occurs at each of them.
Organelle Reaction___ Ribosome Protein synthesis Mitochondria- Vacuole- Chloroplasts-

6. Enzymes speeds up chemical reactions
Synthesis
Digestion
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis

7. Enzymes Substrate- the molecules that attaches to the enzyme
Active Site- the area on an enzyme where the substrate attaches

8. Enzymes have shapes
Enzymes have specific shapes that influence how they interact with other molecules
Enzymes are proteins

9. Digestive Enzyme
The enzyme(X) attaches to the starch and breaks it up into glucose products
Enzyme is reused. (Stays intact)

10. Synthesis Enzyme Synthesis means to make or combine
Helps simple compounds combine to make complex compounds

11. Functions of Enzymes
Digestion (Breaks down)
Synthesis
(to make)

12. Lock and Key concept
Enzyme A
Enzyme B

13. Facts on enzymes Proteins (have shapes) Shape determines it’s function
Enzymes end in ‘ase’. ( Amylase, Maltase, protease, Lipase etc...
If enzymes are proteins, where are enzymes made in the cell?
The Ribosomes

14. 1. An enzyme and four different molecules are shown in the diagram below.
The enzyme would most likely affect reactions involving
molecule A, only
molecule C, only
molecules B and D
4.molecules A and C

15. 2. Which substances are necessary for the synthesis of most materials in an organism?
1.hormones
2.carbohydrates
3.antibodies
4.enzymes

16. 3. Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?
1.Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch.
2.Each enzyme has a characteristic shape.
3.Enzymes are long, complex fats.
4.Each enzyme is made up of four subunits

17. 4. Compound X increases the rate of the reaction below.
Compound X is most likely
an enzyme
a lipid molecule
an indicator
an ADP molecule

18. 5. Substances X and Y are examples of which kind of molecule?
simple sugar
amino acid
fat
hormone

19. Aim What factors affect the rate of an enzyme?

20. What does rate mean? Rate refers to the change of something over time
In other words how fast something goes
Beats per second

21. Factors affecting Enzymes rates
Temperature
pH (Acid or base)
Concentration

22. Optimum Temperature The temperature that an enzyme works best
At what temperature does enzyme work best? 37° C

23. Temperature change Increase in temperature increases enzyme rate
Decrease in temperature decreases enzyme rate

24. Extreme temperature change
Inactivates the enzyme because it destroys its shape
Substrate does not fit in active site
Substrate
Active site
Enzyme

25. pH scale pH scale goes from 0-14
Number assigned to a liquid indicating whether its an acid or base
The lower the pH the more acidic (Range 0-6)
The higher the pH the more basic ( Range 8-14)
Neutral is 7 (Water)

26. pH change
Change in pH (acid or base) begins to change the shape of the enzyme which means it won’t work as well

27. Optimum pH
Most enzymes work the best at a certain pH. This is called it’s optimum pH

28. Some optimum pH values Stomach Enzymes- pH 2 Blood Enzymes pH-7
Small Intestines pH-8

29. Enzyme concentration
The more of a certain enzyme that is present the faster it will work on substrate
Enzymes make chemical reactions occur faster

30. The diagram illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms
The diagram illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms.  The substance labeled “catalyst” is also known as
a hormone
an enzyme
an antibody
an inorganic compound

31. The graph shows the relative rates of action of four enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which two enzymes would function in a region of the human body having a neutral pH?
enzymes A and B
enzymes B and C
enzymes C and D
enzymes B and D

32. Base your answer on the graph and on your knowledge of biology
Base your answer on the graph and on your knowledge of biology. Which is a true statement about the relationship between pH and enzyme action?
All enzymes work best at a neutral pH.
Adding more acid does not affect the rate of activity of an enzyme.
Enzymes function only in a pH range of 4.0 to 5.5.
The activity of an enzyme is affected by pH

33. Enzyme molecules normally interact with substrate molecules
Enzyme molecules normally interact with substrate molecules. Some medicines work by blocking enzyme activity in pathogens. These medicines are effective because they
1.are the same size as the enzyme
2.are the same size as the substrate molecules
3.have a shape that fits into the enzyme
4.have a shape that fits into all cell receptors