1. Biology Notes Biology & Biochemistry Part 5 Pages 50-56

2. Standards
1.8 Describe the structures of proteins and amino acids. Explain the functions of proteins in living organisms. Identify some reactions that amino acids undergo. Relate the structure and function of enzymes.
1.9 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors such as pH and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity.

3. Essential Question 1. Why are enzymes important to us and what
influences their actions?

4. I. Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reaction = a process that changes one set of ___________ into another
In a chemical reaction, chemical ________ must be broken and new ________ formed
reactants = the chemicals that ______ the reaction and undergo transformation
chemicals
bonds
bonds
enter

5. products = the chemicals that _____ the reaction
e.g.
exit

6. II. Speeding Chemical Reactions
energy
Activation energy = the amount of ________ required to ______ a chemical reaction
start

7. A. Catalysts & Enzymes
Catalyst = any substance that _______ up a chemical reaction
catalysts lower the amount of __________ energy needed for a reaction to ______
Enzyme = a type of protein that acts as a __________ for specific chemical __________
speeds
activation
begin
catalyst
reaction

8. enzymes lower the amount of __________ energy in a chemical reaction
e.g.
activation

9. Enzymes are named for the __________ reaction they act as a _________ on
enzymes usually end in ______
e.g.
chemical
catalyst
- ase
lipase = acts on lipids
protease = acts on proteins

10. B. The Lock & Key Model: How Enzymes Work
the enzyme is the _______ and has a specific _______ where only certain substrates will fit
substrate = the reactants of a chemical _________ on which the enzymes will act upon
the substrate or _____ will fit into the reaction at the ________ site
e.g.
“lock”
shape
reaction
“key”
active
see page 56

12. C. Enzymes Denatured
Denaturization = the destruction of an _________
denaturization can occur through changes in _____________, pH, pressure, or other ______________ called inhibitors
if enzymes are ___________, they can lose their structure and cannot ___________
enzyme
temperature
chemicals
denatured
function