1. The Cold War Under Brezhnev

2. Leonid Brezhnev Return to Stalin-ier Times
Massive arms buildup
Crackdown on nonconformists
Avoidance of direct confrontation with USA

4. Prague Spring, 1968 Alexander Dubcek elected leader in Czechoslovakia
“socialism with a human face” – greater democracy and freedom of speech
Soviets invade and replace Dubcek

5. Brezhnev Doctrine
The Soviet Union and allies have right to intervene in any socialist country whenever it was needed

6. Ostpolitik WG Chancellor Willy Brandt looks for cooperation with EG
“Two German states within one German nation”
Peace in Germany contributed to reduction in tension

7. Détente Attempts to “cool” Cold War were put in place
Triggered by Richard Nixon’s diplomacy with China
SALT I (1972) – reduction in missile production
Helsinki Conference (1975)
Recognized Soviet boundaries with Poland, Eastern European countries
Soviets pledge to respect human rights

8. End of Détente Soviet Union invades Afghanistan in 1979
Afghanistan had struggling communist gov’t
USA refuses to ratify SALT II and boycotts Olympics
Jimmy Carter – more ideological than Nixon
Only Britain supports American anger

9. Solidarity
Pope John Paul II preaches “natural rights” in communist Poland in 1979
Poland’s differences
Working class union forms called Solidarity
Led by Lech Walesa
Polish army shuts down movement under Soviet threats