1. Macromolecules and Enzymes
Review Questions!

2. Please high-light them!!!
Words in Bold Pink
Please high-light them!!!

3. Which of the following is a solute?
ReviewQuestion
Which of the following is a solute?
Water
Sugar
Vinegar
Carbon dioxide

4. Which of the following has the most basic pH?
ReviewQuestion
Which of the following has the most basic pH? 7
7.1
7.5 8

5. ReviewQuestion
3.1 pH is:
Acidic
Basic
Neutral
None of the above

6. Gastric protease works best in which type of pH?
ReviewQuestion
Gastric protease works best in which type of pH?
Neutral
Basic
Acidic
All of the above

7. Which of the following is a solvent?
ReviewQuestion
Which of the following is a solvent?
Water
Sugar
Vinegar
Carbon dioxide

8. Carbon Based Molecules
Have unique bonding properties. Result of Carbons ability to form 4 covalent bonds

9. Monomer-Polymer

10. Organic Molecules There are 4 organic molecules Carbohydrates Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
* These are also called macromolecules

11. Macromolecule Concept Map!
Macromolecule Concept Map
Carbon
Compounds
includes
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Macro means LARGE

12. ***Most of an organisms’ energy come from carbohydrates!***
Carbohydrate: Organic compound containing Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen with a ratio of 1:2:1
Carbohydrates are basically sugars and starches.
***Most of an organisms’ energy come from carbohydrates!***

13. Carbohydrates Continued
Monosaccharides are simple sugar molecules.
Examples: This is glucose, galactose, sucrose and fructose (sugars).
Glucose is
1 : 2 : 1
Many monosaccharides together make up polysaccharides. This is the excess sugar that we store as glycogen that can turn into fat
Ex: starches, glycogen, cellulose

14. Write these Video Questions & answer them while you watch the video clip.
1. Sugars belong to a class of chemicals called ___.
2. What is glucose made-up of?
3. What is a good example of a very long polymer of glucose called ___.
4. Starches are nothing more than very long chains of
____.

15. Carbohydrate Video Clip

16. Major source of energy for the body
Macromolecule Concept Map
Lets fill in the chart!
Carbon
Compounds
includes
Carbohydrates
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars & Starches
Major source of energy for the body
Macro means LARGE

17. Lipids Non polar Lipids: these are used to store energy.
They are found in cell membranes.
Fats, oils, & waxes
Also water proofs
Video

18. Lipids Continued
Many lipids contain 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol. They are called triglycerides
Saturated: animal fat, fatty acid saturated with hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated: plant oils, fewer hydrogen
Fats and oils are similar but why are animal fats solid and plant oil liquid?
The double bonds in unsaturated fat makes kinks in the fatty acid. As a result, the molecules cannot pack together tightly enough to make a solid

19. Major source of energy for the body
Macromolecule Concept Map
Lets fill in the chart!
Carbon
Compounds
includes
Lipids
Carbohydrates
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Fats & Oils
Sugars & Starches
Major source of energy for the body
Stores energy & water proofs
Macro means LARGE

20. Nucleic Acids
Detailed instructions to build proteins are stored in nucleic acids
Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.

21. Nucleic Acids Continued
Polymers made of monomers called nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
2 types: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
& Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

22. Video Questions:
1. Nucleic acids are made up of long chains of subunits called ____.
2. Chromosomes contain huge molecules called deoxyribonucleic acid also known as ___.

23. Nucleic Acids Video Clip

24. Stores & Transmits Genetic Info Major source of energy for the body
Macromolecule Concept Map
Lets fill in the chart!
Carbon
Compounds
includes
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Fats & Oils
Sugars & Starches
Nucleotides
Stores & Transmits Genetic Info
Major source of energy for the body
Stores energy & water proofs
Macro means LARGE

25. Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule?
ReviewQuestion
Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule?
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Amino acid
Nucleic acid

26. Which of the following foods is NOT an example of a carbohydrate?
ReviewQuestion
Which of the following foods is NOT an example of a carbohydrate?
Sugar
Potatoes
Bread
Meat

27. Genetic material is made with this macromolecule:
ReviewQuestion
Genetic material is made with this macromolecule:
Nucleic acid
Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrate

28. Which of the following is NOT a sugar?
ReviewQuestion
Which of the following is NOT a sugar?
a. Glucose
b. Sucrose
c. Lactose
d. Pepsin

29. Proteins
Proteins (polymer) are composed of smaller units called amino acids (monomer).
Amino Acids: Are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen (sometimes sulfur).
Form covalent bonds with one another called peptide bonds. Through peptide bonds, amino acids are linked together into chains called polypeptides. A protein is one or more polypeptides

30. Example: Amylase found in saliva.
Proteins: Enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
* Enzymes are made of proteins.
Example: Amylase found in saliva.
Amylase speeds up the breakdown of amylose, a substance in starch (in foods).
* Most enzymes are specific to 1 reaction

31. Proteins
A catalyst,, is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
* Catalysts speeds up chemical
reactions thousands of
times faster.

32. Proteins:Enzymes
Activation Energy: The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reactions.

33. Proteins: How enzymes work
Substrate: The reactants that bind to the enzyme.
Active Site: The specific location where a substance binds to an enzyme.
* The active site and the substrate have complementary shapes (“Lock & Key”)
Click on picture to see an animation!

34. Proteins: How enzymes work
Only substrates with the same size and shape as the active site will bind to the enzyme (like puzzle pieces).
pH and temperature mainly affect enzyme activity.
Click on picture for link

35. Pepsin: An Enzyme Pepsin is an enzyme in the
stomach that begins the digestion
of proteins by splitting them into
smaller pieces.
Pepsin works at a pH level of around 2 which is acidic
Antacids are used to neutralize pepsin by increasing the pH level to around 6 or 7

36. What does Macro Mean? Macromolecule Concept Map
Lets fill in the chart!
Carbon
Compounds
includes
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Fats & Oils
Amino Acids
Sugars & Starches
Nucleotides
Growth/ repair & make up enzymes
Stores & Transmits Genetic Info
Major source of energy for the body
Stores energy & water proofs
What does Macro Mean?

37. Enzymes are which type of macromolecule?
ReviewQuestion
Enzymes are which type of macromolecule?
a. Lipids
b. Carbohydrate
c. Proteins
d. Nucleic Acids

38. What do enzymes do during a reaction?
ReviewQuestion
What do enzymes do during a reaction?
a. Nothing
b. Slows it down
c. Speeds it up
d. Burns it up

39. What two conditions change how enzymes work?
ReviewQuestion
What two conditions change how enzymes work?
a. Water & temperature
b. Temperature & pH
c. Solid & gas
d. None of the above

40. The End