1. Cultural Concerns
The end of folk culture?

2. Part I: Societies Group:
Set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity
The largest and most complex groups that sociologists study are societies
Preindustrial vs. Industrial/Post-Industrial \

3. Part 2: Preindustrial Definition:
Food production is carried out through human and animal labor
Food production is main economic activity

4. Preindustrial Types of Preindustrial Societies: Hunting and Gathering
Pastoral
Horticultural
Agricultural

5. Preindustrial
Gemeinschaft (community); characterized by mechanic solidarity
What does that mean?
Community relations are intimate, informal, cooperative and imbued with a sense of moral obligation to the group

6. Preindustrial Practice Folk Culture:
Practiced by small, homogenous, rural groups living in relative isolation \

7. Folk Culture
Folk Culture is RAPIDLY changing and/or disappearing throughout much of the world
Portuguese Fishing Boat
Guatemalan Market
Turkish Camel Market

8. Characteristics: Folk Culture
Stable & close knit
Generally rural
Tradition rules
Resistant to change
Buildings erected without architect or blueprint; locally available building materials

9. Folk Food
How did such differences develop?

10. Folk Architecture Effects on Landscape:
Usually of limited scale and scope
Agricultural: fields, terraces, grain storage
Dwellings: historically created from local materials: wood, brick, stone, skins; often uniquely and traditionally arranged; always functionally tied to physical environment.

13. Part 3: Industrial and Postindustrial Societies

14. Industrial Postindustrial
Definition:
Emphasis shifts from production of food to production of manufactured goods
Most production is carried out by machines \
Definition:
Much of the economy is involved in providing information and services \

15. Industrial Postindustrial
Effects:
Higher standard of living
Strong emphasis on science/education
Technological advances
Emphasis on social equality and democracy
Effects:
New technology
Increase in population
Urbanization \
Gesellschaft (society); characterized by organic solidarity
(Formal, goal-oriented, based on individual self-interest & competition)

16. Popular Culture Definition:
Found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in personal characteristics \

17. Characteristics: Pop Culture
Wide Distribution:
Differences from place to place uncommon; differences in one place over time are more likely
Housing:
Only small regional variations; trends over time

18. Characteristics: Pop Culture
Food:
Franchises, cargo planes, superhighways & freezer trucks have eliminated local variation

19. Pop Culture: Effects on…
Effects on Landscape:
Breeds homogenous, “placeless” landscape
Complex network of roads & highways
Commercial structures trend towards “boxes”
Planned & gated communities increasingly common

20. Pop Culture: Effects on…
Disconnect with landscape:
Indoor swimming pools, desert surfing

21. Is this the end of Folk Culture?