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Introduction to Matter and the Atom
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In what contexts have we discussed matter so far this year?
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In what contexts have we discussed matter so far this year?
The difference between dark matter and ordinary matter
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In what contexts have we discussed matter so far this year?
The difference between dark matter and ordinary matter How matter can be converted to energy and vice versa
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In what contexts have we discussed matter so far this year?
The difference between dark matter and ordinary matter How matter can be converted to energy and vice versa E=π π 2
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In what contexts have we discussed matter so far this year?
The difference between dark matter and ordinary matter How matter can be converted to energy and vice versa E=π π 2 Nuclear energy comes from converting matter into energy
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In what contexts have we discussed matter so far this year?
The difference between dark matter and ordinary matter How matter can be converted to energy and vice versa E=π π 2 Nuclear energy comes from converting matter into energy Energy can be defined as a state of matter, and its capacity to change
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In what contexts have we discussed matter so far this year?
The difference between dark matter and ordinary matter How matter can be converted to energy and vice versa E=π π 2 Nuclear energy comes from converting matter into energy Energy can be defined as a state of matter, and its capacity to change So far, we have focused on matterβs relationship with energy and other substances in the universe.
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This unit will focus on:
What is matter?
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This unit will focus on:
What is matter? What is matter made up of?
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This unit will focus on:
What is matter? What is matter made up of? How do we categorize matter?
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This unit will focus on:
What is matter? What is matter made up of? How do we categorize matter? How do different types of matter differ?
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This unit will focus on:
What is matter? What is matter made up of? How do we categorize matter? How do different types of matter differ? How do different types of matter interact? Etc.
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What do you remember about matter from grade 8?
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
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Review Atom Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atom
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter.
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter. What does this mean?
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter. What does this mean? If we took a gold bar and cut it in half, both halves would still retain the qualities of gold (shiny, soft, yellowish, etc.)
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter. What does this mean? If we took a gold bar and cut it in half, both halves would still retain the qualities of gold (shiny, soft, yellowish, etc.) If we split the halves in two, each quarter would still retain the qualities of gold
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter. What does this mean? If we took a gold bar and cut it in half, both halves would still retain the qualities of gold (shiny, soft, yellowish, etc.) If we split the halves in two, each quarter would still retain the qualities of gold If we continued to cut the pieces smaller and smaller, eventually we would reach a point where cutting the piece again would result in a substance no longer considered gold
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter. What does this mean? If we took a gold bar and cut it in half, both halves would still retain the qualities of gold (shiny, soft, yellowish, etc.) If we split the halves in two, each quarter would still retain the qualities of gold If we continued to cut the pieces smaller and smaller, eventually we would reach a point where cutting the piece again would result in a substance no longer considered gold This tiny piece of gold that could not be cut further is called an atom
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter Atoms are composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons, orbited by electrons organized in shells
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Review Nucleus Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter Atoms are composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons, orbited by electrons organized in shells Nucleus
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Review Protons Neutrons
Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter Atoms are composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons, orbited by electrons organized in shells Protons Neutrons
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Review Shells Electrons
Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter Atoms are composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons, orbited by electrons organized in shells Shells Electrons
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Review Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter Atoms are composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons, orbited by electrons organized in shells The outermost shell is referred to as the valence shell Valence shell
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In summaryβ¦. Atom Nucleus Shells Protons Neutrons Electrons
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance Proton Nucleus +1
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance Proton Nucleus +1 The number of protons determines the identity of the atom What element it is Various physical/chemical properties
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance Proton Nucleus +1 The number of protons determines the identity of the atom What element it is Various physical/chemical properties Neutron
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance Proton Nucleus +1 The number of protons determines the identity of the atom What element Various physical/chemical properties Neutron
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance Proton Nucleus +1 The number of protons determines the identity of the atom What element Various physical/chemical properties Neutron The number of neutrons influences the stability of an atom (relevant to nuclear reactions)
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance Proton Nucleus +1 The number of protons determines the identity of the atom What element Various physical/chemical properties Neutron The number of neutrons influences the stability of an atom (relevant to nuclear reactions) Electron
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance Proton Nucleus +1 The number of protons determines the identity of the atom What element Various physical/chemical properties Neutron The number of neutrons influences the stability of an atom (relevant to nuclear reactions) Electron Shells -1
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance Proton Nucleus +1 The number of protons determines the identity of the atom What element Various physical/chemical properties Neutron The number of neutrons influences the stability of an atom (relevant to nuclear reactions) Electron Shells -1 The number of electrons influences reactivity What atoms it will react with How reactive it is How it forms compounds/bonds
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Subatomic particle Location Charge Significance
Proton Nucleus +1 The number of protons determines the identity of the atom What element Various physical/chemical properties Neutron The number of neutrons influences the stability of an atom (relevant to nuclear reactions) Electron Shells -1 The number of electrons influences reactivity What atoms it will react with How reactive it is How it forms compounds/bonds This unit will deal primarily with protons and electrons
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Categorizing matter
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Categorizing matter The number, type, and organization of the atoms within matter can vary
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Categorizing matter The number, type, and organization of the atoms within matter can vary Therefore, we have created subcategories to differentiate between these atom arrangements
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Matter
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Matter Pure Substances
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Pure Substances
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Pure Substances In a pure substance, every particle is identical
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Pure Substances In a pure substance, every particle is identical
Pure substances cannot be separated by physical means
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Matter Pure Substances
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Matter Pure Substances Elements
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Elements
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Elements The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom, i.e. what element it is
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Elements The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom, i.e. what element it is Any atom with exactly one proton is the element hydrogen Any atom with exactly six protons is the element carbon Any atom with exactly 104 protons is the element rutherfordium
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Elements The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom, i.e. what element it is Any atom with exactly one proton is the element hydrogen Any atom with exactly six protons is the element carbon Any atom with exactly 104 protons is the element rutherfordium A substance containing only one type of atom (every atom contains the same number of protons) is categorized as an element
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Elements The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom, i.e. what element it is Any atom with exactly one proton is the element hydrogen Any atom with exactly six protons is the element carbon Any atom with exactly 104 protons is the element rutherfordium A substance containing only one type of atom (every atom contains the same number of protons) is categorized as an element
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Elements The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom, i.e. what element it is Any atom with exactly one proton is the element hydrogen Any atom with exactly six protons is the element carbon Any atom with exactly 104 protons is the element rutherfordium A substance containing only one type of atom (every atom contains the same number of protons) is categorized as an element He He He He He
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Elements The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom, i.e. what element it is Any atom with exactly one proton is the element hydrogen Any atom with exactly six protons is the element carbon Any atom with exactly 104 protons is the element rutherfordium A substance containing only one type of atom (every atom contains the same number of protons) is categorized as an element He He He He He
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Matter Pure Substances Elements
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Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds
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Compounds
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
When two or more different atoms bond together, it is called a compound
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
When two or more different atoms bond together, it is called a compound For example: water
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
When two or more different atoms bond together, it is called a compound For example: water Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
When two or more different atoms bond together, it is called a compound For example: water Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together If the hydrogens were separated from the oxygen, it would no longer be considered water
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
When two or more different atoms bond together, it is called a compound For example: water Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together If the hydrogens were separated from the oxygen, it would no longer be considered water If you examined every particle in a sample of pure water, you would find that every single one is comprised of two hydrogens bonded to one oxygen
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
When two or more different atoms bond together, it is called a compound For example: water Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together If the hydrogens were separated from the oxygen, it would no longer be considered water If you examined every particle in a sample of pure water, you would find that every single one is comprised of two hydrogens bonded to one oxygen
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
When two or more different atoms bond together, it is called a compound For example: water Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together If the hydrogens were separated from the oxygen, it would no longer be considered water If you examined every particle in a sample of pure water, you would find that every single one is comprised of two hydrogens bonded to one oxygen
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Compounds Atoms do not always occur separately
When two or more different atoms bond together, it is called a compound For example: water Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together If the hydrogens were separated from the oxygen, it would no longer be considered water If you examined every particle in a sample of pure water, you would find that every single one is comprised of two hydrogens bonded to one oxygen
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Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds
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Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds Mixtures
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Mixtures
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Mixtures A mixture is a blend of two or more pure substances
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Mixtures A mixture is a blend of two or more pure substances
There are at least two different types of particles
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Mixtures A mixture is a blend of two or more pure substances
There are at least two different types of particles Mixtures can be separated through physical means
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Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds Mixtures
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Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds Mixtures Homogeneous Mixture
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Homogeneous mixtures
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Homogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures are not obviously mixtures
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Homogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures are not obviously mixtures
The two (or more) substances are mixed uniformly
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Homogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures are not obviously mixtures
The two (or more) substances are mixed uniformly
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Homogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures are not obviously mixtures
The two (or more) substances are mixed uniformly
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Homogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures are not obviously mixtures
The two (or more) substances are mixed uniformly Salt Water
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Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds Mixtures Homogeneous Mixture
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Heterogeneous Mixture
Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds Mixtures Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture
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Heterogeneous mixtures
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Heterogeneous mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures are obviously mixtures
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Heterogeneous mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures are obviously mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the two (or more) substances are not mixed uniformly
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Heterogeneous mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures are obviously mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the two (or more) substances are not mixed uniformly
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Heterogeneous mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures are obviously mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the two (or more) substances are not mixed uniformly
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Heterogeneous mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures are obviously mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the two (or more) substances are not mixed uniformly Oil Water
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In summaryβ¦
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Next class⦠Characteristics of matter
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