1. Prologue Section 3 Democracy Develops in England
Objective: Compare the medieval legal reforms in England
Vocabulary: Common Law, Magna Carta, Due Process of Law, Parliament, Divine Right, Glorious Revolution, Constitutional Monarchy, & Bill of Rights
What is a monarchy?
At what point should someone have a limit to the amount of power they can have?
In what ways could you try to limit a king’s power?

2. Reforms in Medieval England
1066, William, duke of Normandy invaded England
When William claimed the throne it started the development of democracy in England
Henry II developed a jury trial as means of administering royal justice
Common Law: reflected customs & principles established over time
England originally had kings
William the Conqueror
Emma of Normandy was William’s claim to the throne
Trial by combat
Common Law Marriage

3. The Magna Carta
King John’s unpopularity & costly wars created a conflict between the English nobles & the king
Magna Carta: a contract that limited the power of the English monarch
English subjects had the right to the due process of law
Parliament: England’s national legislature
Edward I created a Model Parliament with the House of Lords & House of Commons
Richard the Lion Hearted came to the throne after Henry II
Rulers had to govern according to law
Couldn’t kill someone or punish them without reason

4. Parliament Grows Stronger
Parliament increasingly viewed itself as a partner with the Monarchy
Parliament voted on taxes, passed laws, & advised on royal policies
James I & Parliament disagreed over the idea of divine rights of kings
Charles I agreed to sign Parliament’s Petition of Right in order to receive money
English Civil War broke out between the king & Parliament
Charles I was executed after his defeat
Divine Right was based on the idea that monarchs were chosen by God & responsible only to God
Elizabeth I died without an heir
King James’ Bible

5. Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy
Cromwell established a republic called the Commonwealth of England
His son resigned & parliament restored the monarchy but parliament retained its power
However, Parliament was in fear that James II wanted to make England Catholic again
Parliament supported James II’s daughter Mary who was Protestant
England became a Constitutional Monarchy – rulers are restricted by a constitution
Habeas Corpus – the person must know what they are being charged with

6. English Bill of Rights
William & Mary accepted Parliament’s bill of rights
Bill of Rights: formal summary of the rights & liberties believed essential to the people
England’s Glorious Revolution & bill of rights that it produced had a great impact on democracies to come

7. Prologue Section 4 The Enlightenment & Democratic Revolutions
Objective: Examine the ideas of the Enlightenment & discuss their influence
Vocabulary: Enlightenment, Social Contract, Natural Rights, Separation of Powers, Representative Government, Federal System, & United Nations

8. Enlightenment Thinkers & Ideas
Enlightenment: movement where thinkers applied the principles of reason & scientific method
Hobbes – believed in a social contract, an agreement among members of society
Locke – believed in natural rights (right to life, liberty, & property)
Voltaire – favored tolerance, freedom of religion, & free speech
Rousseau – believed government got its power from those its governed
Montesquieu – believed in the separation of powers (3 different branches of government)

9. The Beginnings of Democracy in America
To raise money, Britain started to tax the colonies in the Americas
This taxation without representation eventually sparked the American Revolution
1776 the American’s wrote the Declaration of Independence
In 1781, the British surrendered

10. Americans Win Independence
After the Americans gained their independence, they created the Constitution
American chose to have a representative government – elected representatives to make laws & policies for them
They also set up a federal system where powers are divided between federal, state, & local governments
Lastly, they divided the branches of government (Legislative, Judicial, & Executive)

11. The French Revolution
Louis XVI came to throne & had to deal with debt issues in France
Louis XVI decided to raise taxes on the commoners
The commoners called an Estates- General & formed the National Assembly
The National Assembly made reforms & drafted a constitution in France
During the Reign of Terror, the royal family was executed
Napoleon Bonaparte took control of France

12. The Struggle for Democracy Continues
Democracy continues to take hold of countries around the world
The United Nations was created post WWII with the goal of world peace & betterment of humanity
They actively seek to support life, liberty, & security