1. ISLAM DIVIDES AFTER MOHAMMED’S DEATH:
“Abu Bakr, Mohammed’s right-hand man, must become the Prophet’s successor. Mohammed himself recommended elections in Arabia and believed the community was responsible for choosing the next ruler. Mohammed asked him to lead us in many prayers and also called on him to make rulings in his absence. We, the majority, have chosen Abu Bakr as our next leader and believe it is the only natural response.”
SUNNI MUSLIMS
“Ali, Mohammed’s cousin & daughter’s husband, should be the Prophet’s successor. Just as God appointed Mohammed to be his messenger, God has chosen Ali as the rightful ruler. On various occasions and in various ways, Mohammed had claimed that Ali was God’s divine chose.”
SHI’A MUSLIMS

2. Bellringer
Draw a double bubble map comparing any 2 of the 5 major religions.

3. Islamic Achievements

4. Muslim Learning All knowledge is sacred
The development of paper and creation of a paper mill in Baghdad
The development of Arabic into the language of international scholarship
Libraries and academies were established for study and exchange of ideas
“House of Wisdom” in Baghdad – works from Greece, Persia, and India were collected and translated

5. Medicine Muslim doctors made improvements on Greek medicine
Islamic hospitals were built in all major cities. They had separate wards, or rooms, for people with different diseases. Doctors were skilled at surgery , including cancer and brain operations.
Doctors had to pass a test and carry a license to practice medicine
Ibn Sina, the greatest Muslim doctor, wrote a medical encyclopedia, The Canon of Medicine, which covered every known disease and treatment known at the time. It became the standard medical text in Europe for hundreds of years.

6. Philosophy
Like the Greeks, they believed in an orderly universe based on the laws of nature
Two of the greatest philosophers were al-Kindi and Ibn Rushd, who studied and translated the works of Aristotle and Plato

7. Astronomy and Math
Adopted and passed on the numerical system of India– the “Arabic” system
The most famous scholar, Al Khwarazmi, introduced algebra to civilization.
Algebra comes from the word “al jabr,” which means “bringing together of separate parts.”
Astronomers built observatories and measured the Earth. They also used and made improvements to the astrolabe, an instrument designed to measure and plot the position of stars.

8. Geography and History
Ibn Khaldun wrote, Muqaddimah, a history of the world that explained the rise and fall of dynasties.
Ibn Battuta, a well-known traveler, wrote about his 30 year journey across much of Asia and Africa, and described what he saw

9. The Arts and Literature
The words of the Hadith, the written record of the Sunnah, inspired the creation of beautiful works of art and architecture, which continues its influence

10. Art and Architecture
Popular designs were displayed on finely woven carpets, colorful tiles, and palace walls.
Arabesque, a pattern of curved shapes and lines resembling flowers or vines, was a décor found throughout the empire
Muslim architects built mosques with minarets, shrines, and palaces.
The Dome of the Rock, a mosque in Jerusalem, is the oldest building in the Muslim world, The Great Mosque in Samarra and The Taj Mahal, a monument in India, are other fine examples
Islam discourages the illustration of humans or animals in paintings, because it was considered a form of idol worship.

11. Calligraphy
Calligraphy, artful handwriting, was the most sacred of all Muslim arts.

12. Literature and Poetry
Muslim writers wrote charming stories and folk tales.
Many of these tales were collected in a book called The Thousand and One Nights
Islamic Poetry was based on oral tradition. The Sufis, a deeply spiritual Muslim group, emphasized the importance of love and unity of all faiths.
" Don't look at your form, however ugly or beautiful. Look at love and at the aim of your quest. ... O you whose lips are parched, keep looking for water. Those parched lips are proof that eventually you will reach the source."
by: Rumi