1. Predicting Chemical Reactions

2. Synthesis
Remember:
Synthesis Reactions describe a chemical reaction in which two or more substances for a new compound.
Most commonly found with an element reacting with oxygen (O2) or sulfur (S8).

3. Synthesis:
Substances combine to produce a compound that depends on the charge of the metal.
Na + Cl2  NaCl
Mg + F2  MgF2
Metals react with water to produce a metal hydroxide.
CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2
Nonmetals react with water to produce oxyacids (acids with oxygen in the compound).
SO2 + H2O  H2SO3

4. Decomposition Remember:
Decomposition Reactions describes a chemical reaction in which one compound becomes two simpler substances.
Most commonly found as an endothermic reaction.

5. Decomposition:
A binary Compound has two different types of elements bonded together, decompose into their elements.
Hg0  Hg + O2
Oxyacids decompose into metal oxides and water.
H2CO3  CO2 + H2O
H2SO4  SO3 + H2O

6. Decomposition:
Metal carbonate breaks down into a metal oxide and carbon dioxide.
CaCO3  CaO + CO2
Metal hydroxides decompose into metal oxide and water.
Ca(OH)2  CaO + H2O
Metal chlorates decompose into metal chloride and oxygen.
KClO3  2KCl + O2

7. Single-Displacement Remember:
Single displacement describes a reaction which one element replaces a similar element in a compound.
Most single replacement reactions take place within an aqueous solution.

8. Single-Displacement:
Metal will replace a metal in a compound.
Al + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Al(NO3)3
Nonmetal will replace a nonmetal in a compound.
F2 + 2NaCl  Cl2 + NaF
Metals react with acidic solutions, to produce an ionic compound and hydrogen gas.
H in the acid displaced by a Metal
Mg + HCl  MgCl2 + H2

9. Single-Displacement:
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
H in H20 displaced by a Metal
Na + H20 (l)  NaOH + H2
Transition metals require energy input to produce a metal oxide and hydrogen gas.
Fe + H20 (g)  Fe2O3 + H2

10. Double-Displacement Remember:
Single displacement describes a reaction which two ions exchange places to form new compounds.
The reaction produces a precipitate, an insoluble gas (bubbles out), or a molecular compound (typically water).

11. Double-Displacement:
Metal will replace a metal in each compound, or a nonmetal will replace a nonmetal in each compound to form two new compounds.
Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KCl → 2 KNO3 + PbCl2
H2SO4 + 2 LiOH → Li2SO4 + 2 H2O