1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
PHYSICAL PROPERTY – quality or condition that can be observed without changing the substance’s composition.
CHEMICAL PROPERTY – quality or condition that cannot be observed without converting the substance into some other substance.

2. Relative volumes of samples Large volume (low density)
PROPERTY
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
Relative volumes of samples
Large volume (low density)
Small volume (high density)
Dependence of sample volume on the volume of its container
Volume depends on volume of container
Fixed volume
Dependence of sample shape on the shape of its container
Adopts shape of container
Adopts shape of part of container that it occupies
Fixed shape
Ease of compression
Easily compressed
Nearly incompressible
Rate of diffusion
Fast
More slowly than gases
Negligible diffusion

4. SUBSTANCE – has homogeneous or uniform appearance and composition
MIXTURE – homogeneous or heterogeneous (non-uniform) combination of 2 or more substances in which the substances retain their identity

5. Water, oil, protein, carbohydrates
MIXTURE
COMPONENT SUBSTANCES
Gasoline
Many hydrocarbons
Corn syrup
Sugar and water
Rubbing
alcohol
Isopropanol and water
Air
N2 O2 Ar CO2 H2O
Milk
Water, oil, protein, carbohydrates

6. SUBSTANCES

7. WHAT IS THIS ELEMENT ?

8. ELEMENT – substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.Hg Au C
COMPOUND – substance composed of 2 or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.
NaCl
H2O2

9. TYPES OF MIXTURE BEHAVIOR OF PARTICLES COLLOIDS
SOLUTIONS
COLLOIDS
SUSPENSION
SETTLE DOWN ON STANDING NO
stable
YES
SCATTER LIGHT OR EXHIBIT TYNDALL EFFECT
CAN BE FILTERED
YES using ultrafilter
HOMOGENEITY/ HETEROGENEITY
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
EXAMPLES
seawater
Ink, smoke
Floodwater

10. Showing Tyndall Effect
SUSPENSION
SOLUTION
COLLOID
Showing Tyndall Effect

11. METHODS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES
DISTILLATION – more volatile (low boiling point) liquid is boiled off to produce a vapor and condensed again to form a liquid

12. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION Separation of the liquid components of a liquid solution based on the differences in their boiling points

13. FILTRATION
Process of using a filter to mechanically separate the components of a mixture