1. The Russian Revolution

2. Warm Up 2/24
Check your notebook against the following index. I will collect them this Fri.
#8: Ch. 13 Sec 2 Review Questions
#18: Treaty of Versailles Notes
#9: Four Steps to War Notes
#19: Armenian Genocide Primary Source Handout
#10: WWI Weapons Handout
#11: WWI – Global Conflict Notes
#20: WWI Legacy Notes
#12: (WE SKIPPED THIS)
#21: European Map Post-WWI Handout
#13: Ch. 13 Sec. 3 Questions
#22: Ch. 14 Sec. 1 Questions
#14: Total War Notes
#23: Russian Revolution Notes
#15: “The Great War” Video Handout
#24: Ch. 14 Sec. 1 Questions
#16: End of War Notes
#17: Ch. 13 Sec. 4 Questions

3. Agenda 2/24: The Russian Revolution
Warm Up/HW Check #22 and #24
Notes Part I
Bolsheviks/Lenin
Causes of the Revolution
Video
Notes Part II
March Revolution
Bolshevik Revolution
Partner Work
Video:
Part I:

4. Review from Monday
Russia had been an autocracy under Czar Alexander III and Nicholas II
Alexander ruled with fear
Nicholas resists change
Rapid industrialization in Russia leads to unrest, especially among working class
Video:
Part I:

5. Revolution is brewing…
Marxists:
Based on beliefs of Karl Marx – working class will overthrow the czar; workers rule
1903: Marxists split
Mensheviks – less radical
Bolsheviks – more radical
Video:
Part I:

6. V.I. Lenin = leader of Bolsheviks
Video:
Part I:

7. 4 Things Help Lead to Revolution
Rapid industrialization
Workers’ unrest
Russo-Japanese War
Russia defeated
Bloody Sunday
“Dress rehearsal” for later Communist revolution
WWI
Defeat after defeat destroys morale
Video:
Part I:

8. 1. Rapid Industrialization

9. 2. Russo-Japanese War Russia and Japan compete for Korea and Manchuria
Russia breaks territorial agreements = war 1904
Russia defeated = unrest at home

11. 3. Bloody Sunday
One Sunday in January, 1905, unarmed workers peacefully marched toward the czar’s Winter Palace with a petition for a constitution, the right to form unions, and better working conditions; czar not home, guards got nervous and opened fire, killing marchers.

12. Results of Bloody Sunday
Revolution of 1905: Bloody Sunday sparked a series of violent riots. Workers struck, soldiers mutinied, and peasants burned & looted nobles’ homes. Stopped normal daily life; czar hides.
Soviets: Intelligentsia organized workers, peasants, & soldiers into soviets (councils.) These gained popularity and created a threat to Czar’s power.

13. Nicholas II Concedes to:
Grant freedom of conscience, speech, assembly, & press, but spy network still in place…
Form Russia’s first legislature, the Duma, which would approve all laws (parliament).
Duma was a group of moderates who wanted a constitutional monarchy.
Czar retained power via control of military & secret police and dissolved four Dumas.

14. 4. World War I

15. Role of WWI
Early success; then devastating losses due to lack of ammunition, training, & technology
Rasputin. Czar spends time at the front; wife Czarina runs country & allows Rasputin, an illiterate but “miraculous” monk (and playboy) to make policy decisions & give positions to friends--exposes more corruption in government
Discontent. Peasants & workers unhappy with lack of food & goods, soldiers with lack of weapons & supplies.

16. March Revolution 1917
Russians call it the February revolution because of their calendar
Lagged several days behind Gregorian calendar until adopting it in 1918

17. March Revolution 1917
The Women’s March. Women took to the street to demand “peace and bread.” Revolt joined by soldiers & palace guards; grew over several days & eventually Duma joined in protest demanding, “down with monarchy” & “bread for all”
Petrograd Soviet. Soviet in Petrograd, the capital, gains power as leading force of revolution; the Duma knew that the Petrograd Soviet was seat of power
Czar Abdicates Throne. While at the front, Czar is oblivious to troubles back home. Nicholas II gives up throne from railroad car & Romanov dynasty ends.
Provisional Government. Duma establishes a temporary government, the Provisional Government, headed by Alexander Kerensky. Decides to keep Russia in war and loses power.

18. Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution

19. The Bolshevik Revolution November, 1917
Lenin. Radical Marxist who led Bolsheviks, radical revolutionaries, to power but exiled to central Europe for 19 years. Came back to Russia as Germany’s “secret weapon” during WWI to cause chaos & force Russia into surrender. Opposed to Mensheviks who were more moderate & wanted to open membership to anyone.
Peace, Land, Bread. Lenin & Bolsheviks were opposed to WWI & when he returned to Russia, immediately demanded “peace, land, & bread” for peasants, workers, & soldiers. Bolstered support for soviets but alienated moderate Marxists.
The Red Guard. To defeat the Provisional Government & establish a Marxist state, Lenin put Trotsky, a former Menshevik, in charge of Bolshevik militia known as The Red Guard. Red Guard stormed Winter Palace & arrested Kerensky & other government leaders. Bolsheviks assume power & revolution over in hours