1. Pharynx, Larynx and Trachea (L3)
2012

2. Pharynx Epithelium Pharynx = nasopharynx +oropharynx +laryngopharynx
Part of respiratory and digestive systems
Epithelium
Either unkeratinized stratified squamous OR
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells

3. Lamina propria
Dense connective tissue with elastic and collagen fibers
Mucinous gland, especially around the opening of the Eustachian tube
muscularis externa is skeletal muscle and forms the constrictor muscles of the pharynx
Contains the tonsils

4. Tonsils Tonsils consist of a number of lymph follicles
All part of the Waldereyers ring
Tonsilla lingualis
Base of the tongue
Smaller and numerous lymphoid follicles
Associated with a single crypt
Stratified squamous epithelium

5. Tonsilla palatina (Palatine tonsils)
Surface squamous epithelium
Part of oral mucosa
Folds and forms crypts
Often contain bacteria, food particles, mucous (immunity (antigen presentation) + tonsillitis)
Lymphoid follicles with connective tissue septa
Outer –B lymphocytes
Inner-T lymphocytes
Deep fibrous capsule –(facilitates tonsillectomy)

6. Palatine tonsil

7. Tonsilla pharyngealis (adenoids)
Single tonsil
Wall of the nasopharynx
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
No crypts
Thin capsule
Diffuse lymphoid tissue and nodules

8. Larynx
Epithelium
Unkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium on the anterior and upper part of the posterior surface of the epiglottis as well as the vocal cords
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing cilia and goblet cells on the inferior part of the posterior surface of the epiglottis and the walls of the larynx

9. Skeletal muscle layer (swallowing)
Cartilaginous skeleton of hyaline or elastic cartilage that keeps tube open

10. Trachea Mucosa Pseudostratified columnar cells with cilia Serous cells
Kulchitsky cells (part of diffuse neuroendocrine system)
Stem cells able to divide and replace other cells
Lamina propria
Loose highly vascular supporting tissue
Submucosa
Mixed seromucinous glands
Submucosa merges with perichondrium of the underlying hyaline cartilage rings (C-shaped)