1. Anatomy of the pharynx and oesophagus
Prof. Abdulameer Al-Nuaimi

3. Pharynx

5. Pharyngobasilar fascia

6. Small muscles of pharynx

7. Small muscles of the pharynx

8. Pharyngeal recess
Inside of nasopharynx

9. Inside of oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Cricopharyngeal sphincter
Inside of oropharynx and laryngopharynx

12. Oesophagus

13. Histology of the oesophagus
The oesophagus has a folded appearance. When swallowing food, it is able to distend, and accomodate the food being swallowed on its way to the stomach
Epithelial lining is non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

14. the mucosa consists of the epithelium, underlying lamina propria and muscularis mucosa.
The lamina propria contains lymphatic capillaries, blood capilaries, and loose connective tissue. The darkly staining cells in the lamina propria are lymphoid aggregations
The muscularis mucosa is a thin, double layer of smooth muscle, more substantial in the lower part of the oesophagus.
Mucosa
Muscularis mucosa

15. its outermost layer consists of a connective tissue adventitia
The submucosa is highly vascular, and contains loose connective tissue. It contains oesophageal glands, that secrete mucus to help ease the passage of swallowed food.
The muscularis externa layer in the top third of the oesophagus contains skeletal muscle, in the middle, it is a mixture of smooth and skeletal muscle, and in the bottom third it is entirely smooth
its outermost layer consists of
a connective tissue adventitia
which merges with the adjacent
connective tissue associated with
nearby structures 
Submucosa
adventitia
Muscularis externa

16. Thank You