1. RIGHT TO CLEAN AIR CAMPAIGN
Centre for Science and Environment

2. About CSE
Centre for Science and Environment, a public interest research organization dedicated to disseminate information about science and environment.
A book Slow murder: The deadly story of vehicular pollution in India was released in 1996.
A study conducted for this book found that the problem of vehicular pollution in India.
CSE launched its “Right To Clean Air Campaign” in November 1996.
CSE has been consistently advocating for improvements in air quality planning and raising public awareness about risks to public health.

4. Right To Clean Air Campaign
The study conducted for the book Slow Murder: The deadly story of vehicular pollution in India investigated the problem of:
Outdated vehicle technology
Poor fuel quality
Lack of transportation planning
Poor maintenance of vehicles
The connection between the problem and these
multiple factors eluded most Indian citizens.
To help people understand this CONNECTION and push for change Right To Clean Air Campaign was launched in November1996 to:
improve air quality planning
build awareness through advocacy and networking
undertake policy research to guide the campaign

5. Time Line 1985: Public interest litigation filed in Supreme Court (SC)
: SC orders introduction of unleaded fuel, conversion of government vehicles to CNG, catalytic converters on new cars, lower sulphur content of diesel
November 1, 1996: CSE released Slow Murder: The deadly story of vehicular pollution in India, marking the launch of the campaign.
November 18, 1996: The Supreme Court of India issued suo moto
notice to the Delhi government to submit an action plan to control
city’s air pollution following the media reports on the CSE study.
December 1996: The Delhi government presented it’s first ever action plan to the Court to combat air pollution in Delhi.
November 1, 1997: CSE released its latest findings on mortality and
morbidity in Indian cities and held government inaction responsible
for this.

6. November 4, 1997: The environment minister announced his plans to issue a white paper on pollution and an action plan by December 2, 1997.
1997: SC reacts; asks government to file action plan to control air pollution; government issues white paper
January 7, 1998: The Supreme Court of India directed setting up of a statutory body to advise Court on pollution control and monitor implementation of Court orders.
July 28, Supreme Court of India orders the CNG program for Delhi
No buses over 8 years old after 4/1/2000 except on CNG
All buses on CNG or other clean fuel by 3/31/2001
Financial incentives for CNG in taxis, three-wheelers etc.
Increase the number of buses to atleast 10,000
1998: SC appoints Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority [EPCA]
1999: Advances emission standards by five years, lower sulphur
in diesel and petrol to 500ppm

7. August 2001: Government sets up a committee to recommend auto fuel policy
January 2002: Committee recommends Euro II diesel for Delhi (which is already in place), and Euro III from 2003; government accepts the interim report
April 5, 2002: SC comes down heavily on the government and the committee’s report; stands firm on its earlier orders; imposes fines on government and diesel bus Operators.
2006: Setting the agenda for second generation, Action – The Leapfrog Factor

8. Activities undertaken
CSE supplies
science-based facts to the media to keep issues
visible,
foster public debate,
support transparency, and
build credibility.
Scientific data is combined with dramatic images and messages about the health effects of air pollution.
Examples include public dialogues about emissions-based taxation, emissions warranty, and vehicle inspection programs.
The campaign has also provided technical support for the ongoing public interest litigation in the Supreme Court of India, helping achieve important decisions on air pollution control.

9. CLEAN AIR: THE DELHI EXPERIENCE

11. Various agencies involved in implementation
Responsible for Implementation
DELHI
GOVERNMENT
MINISTRY OF
ROAD
TRANSPORT AND
HIGHWAYS
SUPREME COURT
INDRAPRASTHA
GAS LTD.
MINISTRY OF
PETROLEUM AND
NATURALGAS
Reports to SC, recommends
future action
Monitors progress
EPCA
AUTOMOBILE
INDUSTRY
MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENT
AND FORESTS
Technical and
research inputs
TRANSPORTERS
CIVIL SOCIETY
ORGANISATIONS
RESEARCH
INSTI.

12. Key Actors Map - + Importance INFLUENCE CSE Supreme court
Automobile industry
EPCA
Media
Delhi govt.
Industries - +
INFLUENCE

13. The CNG Strategy Of Government

14. Barriers INDRAPRASTHA GAS LTD: Lack of land, electricity, boosters
RESULT: Fail to set up required number of dispensing units, long queues
MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM: Enough gas not available
RESULT: Rising demand, refusal to supply
MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT: CNG technology not viable
RESULT: Take three years to set outdated emission and safety standards
DELHI GOVERNMENT: Lack of CNG buses; buses not safe
RESULT: Fail to meet deadline, four times

15. The Supreme Court order of April 5, 2002
The Supreme Court fines the Union government for wasting court’s
time by repeatedly appealing for dilution of the CNG order
Court impose fines on diesel bus operators
Rs 500/day (about US$11), to Rs 1000/day in 30 days
Operators must take delivery of new buses ordered
Delhi Govt. directed to phase out 800 diesel buses/month
Government talks of overruling the order by an ordinance: goes back
under public pressure, but increases price of CNG
National Govt. to report on measures for extending CNG to other
polluted cities

16. Particulate pollution stabilized
Impact on air quality
Particulate pollution stabilized

17. Issues to be sorted out Level of technology Emission standards
Safety standards
Allocation of gas
Dispensing stations
Pricing policy

18. The Way Ahead Second generation reforms needed in Delhi and other Indian cities
Leapfrog technology roadmap
Leapfrog emissions and fuel standards. Get clean diesel . Improve two wheelers emissions.
Reinvent Mobility
Build public transport to leverage change
Manage mobility
Restrain cars
Fuel economy standards

19. The message: Leapfrog Avoid the polluting pathways of others
The message: Leapfrog Avoid the polluting pathways of others. Adopt an alternative path that is precautionary and preventive
“The Kuznets Curve”
Business As Usual
Alternative Path Of Progress
Pollution
Per-Capita GDP

20. Do we have to go the same way as the West? Or can we Leapfrog
Pre – Euro I
Euro I
Euro II
Euro III
Euro IV and beyond
Poor Diesel
Improved Diesel
Natural Gas/ LPG
Hydrogen

21. Stake Holder Analysis The Government. Public, the worst sufferer.
Auto Industry.
Oil Refining Companies.
Pollution Cont. Authorities(CPCB).
Traffic control/Road dev. authorities.

22. The Government Mute spectator with all the powers.
Decision making process not transparent.
No intention to involve all stakeholders.
A deliberate attempt to keep people under informed about pollution level & its impact.
A tainted nexus.
High growth obsession,1 lakh car ???
A lackluster approach, ICMR.

23. Status of Janta (the Helpless).
Among the worst affected.
Almost ignorant about pollution level and its impact.
Health Vs. Mobility.
No major campaign.
Lack of a robust public transport system .
“Sab chalta hai” mindset.
Unsatisfactory maintenance status of vehicle.

24. Auto Industry– we don’t want to be left behind.
The biggest culprit.
No stringent standards to follow.
A very strong lobby (Tata, Honda, BAL).
Making money while destroying environment.
2 stroke engine, 70% HC emission.
Using mobility as a shield of excuse.
An ambient air quality is not the responsibility of vehicle manufacturers. --- Rahul Bajaj.

25. Role of Oil Co’s Self monitoring mechanism for fuel quality.
No synchronization with other stake holders.
Unsuccessful tackling the adulteration issue.
No framework for consistent fuel quality up gradation.
Doomed to share the burden of subsidy.
No monitoring of after effects.

26. Pollution Cont. Authorities
Just for the namesake.
No real powers and motivation.
Rampant corruption and bureaucracy.
No support from any quarters.
No scope for tech., medical and environmentalists.

27. Traffic control/Road development
25% CAGR, already crowded.
Narrow and Pot holes.
Insufficient resources.
Center vs. State.

28. What we propose Reduced role of govt. only as a facilitator.
Synergy in policy drafting and implement.
NVPCC, centre and state. Members from diverse fields.
Role of auto industry and oil companies.
Promotion of green fuels all across.
Increased public awareness & activism.
Stringent norms, implementation, responsibility, polluter pays
Scope for judicial activism.

29. The Changemakers

30. NIKHIL KUMAR RATANMAN (23)
THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY:
NIKHIL KUMAR RATANMAN (23)
NIMISH KUMAR (24)
SAURABH AGARWAL (46)
SHUBHA (49)
SHYAM DAYAL SINGH (50)
DEEPAK KUMAR (61)