1. LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23

2. Last Time We started building a Prolog Japanese grammar …

3. Japanese Grammar Example: – taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita – (john)-nom book-acc buy+past (formal/polite)

4. Japanese Grammar Example: – taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita – (john)-nom book-acc buy+past (formal/polite) kaimashita

5. Japanese Grammar Example (scrambled): – hon-o taroo-ga t kaimashita – book-acc (john)-nom trace buy+past (formal/polite)

6. Japanese Grammar Example (scrambled): – hon-o taroo-ga t kaimashita – book-acc (john)-nom trace buy+past (formal/polite) or..

7. Japanese Grammar Example (wh-question): – dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka – who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2 nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh Q = question particle who what WHNP/WP tags following the Stanford parser:

8. Japanese Grammar Example (wh-question): – dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka – who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2 nd argument for NPs with value notwh / wh – Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when either the subject or object has value wh

9. Japanese Grammar Example (wh-question): – dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka – who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2 nd argument for NPs with value notwh / wh – Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when either the subject or object has value wh We assume that the question particle ka is obligatory

10. Japanese Grammar Example (wh-question): – dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka – who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2 nd argument for NPs with value notwh / wh – Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when either the subject or object has value wh

11. Japanese Grammar Example (wh-question): – dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka – who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – hon-o dare-ga t kaimashita ka – book-acc who-nom trace buy+past Q Scrambled wh-question

12. Japanese Grammar Example (wh-question): – taroo-ga nani-o kaimashita ka – (John)-nom what-acc buy+past Q is not represented in the parse

13. Japanese Grammar Lets modify j23.pl 1.to use SQ instead S for wh-questions 2.Verb morphology: kau + masu + ta = kaimashita (masu = polite, ta = past) kau + ta = katta(informal) 3.Yes/No questions: Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka Did Taroo buy a/the book?

14. Japanese Grammar Lets modify j23.pl 1.to use SQ instead S for wh-questions

15. Japanese Grammar Lets modify j23.pl 1.to use SQ instead S for wh-questions

16. Japanese Grammar Lets modify j23.pl 2.Verb morphology: kau + masu + ta = kaimashita (masu = polite, ta = past) kau + ta = katta(informal)

17. Japanese Grammar Lets modify j23.pl 2.Verb morphology:

18. Japanese Grammar Lets modify j23.pl 3.Yes/No questions: Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka Did Taroo buy a/the book?

19. Japanese Grammar Lets modify j23.pl 3.Yes/No questions: Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka Did Taroo buy a/the book?

20. Japanese Grammar Lets modify j23.pl 3.Yes/No questions: Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka Did Taroo buy a/the book?

21. Japanese passives Patterns: – Object-ga V-passive – Object-ga Subject-ni V-passive From wikipedia