1. Introduction the Endocrine System
Chapter 7

2. What is a endocrine?

3. We divide endocrines into 3 groups
Steroid hormones
Peptide hormones
Amine hormones

4. Steroids

5. The Adrenal Gland: one source of steroids

6. All contain the cholesterol backbone

7. Notice how similar estrogen is to cortisol

8. Amines

9. Amines as hormones: modified amino acids

10. Pre-pro-hormone to Active hormone

11. Endocrine System: Wow! →Pituitary →Hypothalamus Pineal gland Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Heart
liver
Stomach and intestine
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Kidney
Testes
Ovaries
Adipose
placenta

12. Hypothalamus and pituitary

13. The protein hormones of these glands

15. Control of Hormone Release

16. 1. Hypothalamic Control of Anterior Pituitary

18. 1a. Most endocrines are controlled by
Trophic factors

19. 1b. A few endocrines are controlled by inhibition
Somatostatin
PIF

20. 2. Hormone Secretions can be controlled by
Positive feedback
Negative feedback

21. Negative Feedback Control

22. Positive Feedback Control

23. Feedback can be:
Short Loop Feedback
Long Loop Feedback

24. Short Loop
Long Loop Feedback

25. Interactive affect of multiple hormones
Synergism
Permissiveness
Antagonism

28. Pathologies Diabetes MellitusType I Diabetes Inspidius Hyperthyroidism
Graves Disease
Hypothyroidism
Cushings Disease: secondary hypersecretion
Addison’s Disease: primary hyposecretion

30. Pancreas and Insulin

31. Diabetes Mellitus Type I Insulin deficiency Type II
Non-responsive to insulin

32. CUSHING DISEASE

33. Cushing Disease Excess gluconeogenesis: hyperglycemia Muscle breakdown
Lipolysis
Paradox: central weight gain

34. Cushing and its treatment

35. Addison’s Disease

36. Goiter: Enlarged Thyroid Gland

37. Exophthalmus

38. Primary hypersecretion at “final” site

39. Secondary Hypersecretion: at pituitary level

40. Secondary Hypersecretion at hypothalamic level