1. Body Systems

2. Nervous System Organs Brain
Interprets and translates information from nerve impulses
Three Parts of the Brain:
Cerebrum – main part of the brain; controls thinking, hearing, etc.
Cerebellum – At back of the head; controls muscles and balance
Medulla – Connects brain to spinal cord; controls involuntary actions such as breathing

3. Nervous System Organs Spinal Cord
Messages are sent to the brain through the spinal cord
Exception are reflexes that skip the brain and go straight to the spinal cord
Nerves
Carry messages throughout the body

4. Nervous System Functions
First messenger system
Sends messages as electrical impulses

5. Nervous System (Central and Peripheral)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and Spinal Cord
Regulates VITAL functions
Heart rate
Breathing
Hormone Release
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Carries information toward the central nervous system
Sends impulses away from CNS

6. Circulatory System Organs
Heart
Pumps Blood
Blood
RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma
Hemoglobin – iron rich protein that carries oxygen
Blood Vessels
Arteries – carry oxygen RICH blood AWAY from the heart
Veins – carry oxygen POOR blood INTO the heart
Capillaries – connect arteries and veins

7. Circulatory System Function
Transport system
Arteries:
Moves oxygen to the cells
Veins:
Carries carbon dioxide away from the cells

8. Digestive System Organs
Mouth
The enzyme AMYLASE breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars
Esophagus – muscular tube
Stomach
PEPSIN is an enzyme that breaks down proteins
Digested food is called chime
Small Intestine
Chime is absorbed into the bloodstream
Large Intestine
Removes water from chime
Rectum
Solid food travels out of the body

9. Digestive System Functions
Chemically and physically breaks down food
Converts food into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the bloodstream
Nutrients are absorbed in small intestine

10. Respiratory System Organs
Nose
Trachea – “Windpipe”
Larynx - Voice box
Lungs
Aveoli
Site of gas exchange (inflatable sacs)
Bronchi
Two large passageways leading to lungs
Diaphragm
The muscle under the lungs.
It contracts and relaxes to move gases in and out of lungs

11. Respiratory System Functions
Respire = to breathe
Gas exchange
Delivering oxygen to the body (inhale) and removing carbon dioxide from the body (exhale)
Gases are carried within the blood (Circulatory System)

12. Endocrine System Organs
Pituitary gland
Produces growth hormones
Thyroid gland
produces hormone thyroxin to regulate metabolism
Adrenal gland
Produces adrenaline for fight or flight
Testes
Produces testosterone used in sperm production and male traits
Ovaries
Produces estrogen used in egg production and female traits
Pancreas
Produces insulin to regulate sugar in bloodstream

13. Endocrine System Functions
Glands release hormones into the bloodstream to control body functions
Second messenger system of the body (SLOW)

14. Integumentary Organs Organs Skin – largest organ Sweat glands Nails
Hair

15. Integumentary Function
Acts as a barrier between you and the outside world.
Regulates body temperature and removes wastes through sweat

16. Skeletal System Organs
Bones
Joints
Connect bone to bone by ligaments
Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that hold bones together
Tendons
Connect bone to muscle

17. Skeletal System Functions
Bones are the framework for the body providing its shape
Protection for internal organs
Blood cell production
Made in red bone marrow
Stores calcium and phosphorous

18. Muscular System Organs
Skeletal muscle
Attached to the bone by tendons
Smooth muscle
Stomach, Intestine, Uterus
Cardiac muscle
Only in the heart

19. Muscular System Functions
Enable the body to move
Voluntary muscles
Muscles you can control
Arms, legs, hands, and face
Involuntary muscles
Muscles you can’t control
They move automatically
Cardiac muscles, stomach, intestines

20. Immune/Lymphatic Organs
White Blood Cells (WBC)
Spleen
Filter blood
Lymph Nodes
Filter lymph from dead cells, antigens before returning it to the blood stream
Thymus
Near heart
Where T cells learn their jobs
Lymph
Fluid that leaked out of cells
Lymphatic Vessels
Collect lymph and return it to the bloodstream
Bone Marrow
B cell production

21. Immune/Lymphatic Functions
Fight off diseases caused by pathogens
First Line of Defense
Skin
Saliva in mouth
Hair and mucus in breathing passages
Stomach acid – traps and kills most pathogens
Second Line of Defense (Widespread)
Inflammatory response
WBC fighting infection (antigens)
Third Line of Defense (Specific)
Immune response
WBC, T cells, and lymphocytes recognize a virus and activate B-Cells

22. Reproductive Organs Male: Penis Places sperm inside the female body
Ovary
produces eggs = female gamete
Produces estrogen
Utereus
Holds the embryo, fetus, baby
Fallopian Tubes
Catches the egg from the ovary and transports it to the uterus
Vagina
Allow entry of sperm and exit of baby at birth
Male:
Penis
Places sperm inside the female body
Testis
Produces sperm = male gamete
Produces testosterone

23. Reproductive Functions
To ensure the survival of the species
To reproduce gametes = sex cells
To nurture the developing offspring

24. Excretory System Organs
Kidneys
Filters waste from blood
Ureters
Tubes that lead from each kidney to bladder
Bladder
Muscular organ that holds urine
Urethra
Tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body

25. Excretory System Function
Excrete = to get rid of = REMOVE
Maintains homeostasis by:
Cleansing blood of LIQUID wastes such as urine and sweat
Controls blood volume by removing extra fluid