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Published byFarida Tedjo Modified over 6 years ago
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6.3 - Groundwater groundwater is the largest source of available fresh water for humans groundwater is stored in an aquifer movement of groundwater depends upon two main factors: porosity & permeability
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porosity: percentage of a rock that consists of open spaces
permeability: ability of a rock to let water pass through its open spaces (pores) for a rock to be permeable, the pores must be connected
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Layers within an Aquifer
zone of aeration: layer where pore spaces in the rock layer contain mostly air zone of saturation: area below zone of aeration where all the pore spaces are filled with water top of this zone marks the beginning of the water table
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wells are drilled down to the water table then water is pumped to the surface
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if a well is under pressure so that the water comes to the surface without any pumping, it is called an artesian well forms where the aquifer layer is between two non-permeable layers so squeezes the water out of the well
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springs form when groundwater naturally comes to the surface without drilling a well
if groundwater is heated by magma before coming to the surface, it is called a hot spring
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geysers are hot springs that erupt at the surface, throwing steam & water into the air
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karst topography: irregular surface (topography) due to groundwater chemically weathering the bedrock usually found in humid (wet) regions underlain by limestone
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caverns: large cave with many smaller connecting chambers
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a calcite deposit that hangs from the ceiling is called a stalactite
directly below a stalactite, is another calcite build-up called a stalagmite
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if a stalagmite and stalactite meet, a column will form
sinkhole: circular depression at the surface that forms when rock is dissolved or a cave collapses
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